气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation

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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.018
	Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation
	Lang J.; Alho P.; Kasvi E.; Goseberg N.; Winsemann J.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0277-3791
起始页码	82
结束页码	99
卷号	209
英文摘要	The terrestrial margins of the Middle Pleistocene ice sheets in northern central Europe were characterised by the formation of extensive ice-dammed lakes, which were controlled by the blockage of spillways by the ice margin. The largest ice-dammed lake had a volume of ∼224 km³ and formed in a late stage of the first Saalian ice advance (MIS 6) in central Germany. The failure of the ice dam in the bedrock-outlet channel triggered a major glacial lake-outburst flood. Flood-related erosional and depositional features include large-scale scours, trench-like channels, streamlined hills, giant bars and run-up deposits, indicating a wide spreading of the outburst flood in an early stage and the incision of trench-like valleys in a later stage. The incision of large valleys in the proximal flood pathway strongly impacted the regional drainage system by providing an efficient drainage network. The trench-like channels initiated by the lake-outburst flood became a crucial part of the ice-marginal drainage and subsequent fluvial system. The reconstructed outlet hydrographs imply peak discharges of 465,000–673,000 m³s −1 . The numerical simulation indicates flow depths of up to 87 m, flow velocities of up to 7 ms −1 , peaks of the bed-shear stress of 2500 Nm −2 and the inundation of large parts of northwestern Germany and the northern Netherlands. The numerical simulation of the outburst flood was conducted on both the modern digital elevation model and on palaeotopographic models, representing the palaeotopography prior to the outburst flood and during maximum flood-related incision, respectively. Distally, the outburst flood probably followed an east-west trending route through northwestern Germany and the central Netherlands into the ice-dammed lake in the southern North Sea Basin. The added water volume might have led to the overspill and drainage of the proglacial lakes in the central Netherlands and the North Sea Lake in a chain reaction, eventually opening an east-west trending meltwater-drainage pathway along the southwestern margin of the decaying ice sheet. © 2019 The Authors
英文关键词	Glacial lake-outburst flood; Ice-dammed lakes; Meltwater-drainage systems; Middle pleistocene glaciations; Numerical flood simulation; Palaeotopography
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Drainage; Floods; Glacial geology; Glaciers; Ice; Numerical models; Shear flow; Shear stress; Flood simulation; Glacial lake outburst flood; Ice-dammed lake; Meltwater drainage system; Middle Pleistocene; Palaeotopography; Lakes; flash flood; glacial lake; glaciation; ice margin; ice sheet; ice-dammed lake; meltwater; outburst; paleotopography; peak discharge; Pleistocene; proglacial environment; Saalian; simulation; two-dimensional modeling; Atlantic Ocean; Central Europe; Germany; Netherlands; North Sea
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151989
作者单位	Institut für Geologie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 30, Hannover, 30167, Germany; Department of Geography and Geology, Geography Division, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland; Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, Masala, FI-02430, Finland; Leichtweiß-Institut für Wasserbau, TU Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 51a, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lang J.,Alho P.,Kasvi E.,et al. Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation[J],2019,209.
APA	Lang J.,Alho P.,Kasvi E.,Goseberg N.,&Winsemann J..(2019).Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation.Quaternary Science Reviews,209.
MLA	Lang J.,et al."Impact of Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) glacial lake-outburst floods on the meltwater-drainage pathways in northern central Europe: Insights from 2D numerical flood simulation".Quaternary Science Reviews 209(2019).