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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.026
	Vikings; peat formation and settlement abandonment: A multi-method chronological approach from Shetland
	Swindles G.T.; Outram Z.; Batt C.M.; Hamilton W.D.; Church M.J.; Bond J.M.; Watson E.J.; Cook G.T.; Sim T.G.; Newton A.J.; Dugmore A.J.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0277-3791
起始页码	211
结束页码	225
卷号	210
英文摘要	Understanding the chronology of Norse settlement is crucial for deciphering the archaeology of many sites across the North Atlantic region and developing a timeline of human-environment interactions. There is ambiguity in the chronology of settlements in areas such as the Northern Isles of Scotland, arising from the lack of published sites that have been scientifically dated, the presence of plateaus in the radiocarbon calibration curve, and the use of inappropriate samples for dating. This novel study uses four absolute dating techniques (AMS radiocarbon, tephrochronology, spheroidal carbonaceous particles and archaeomagnetism) to date a Norse house (the “Upper House”), Underhoull, Unst, Shetland Isles and to interpret the chronology of settlement and peat which envelops the site. Dates were produced from hearths, activity surfaces within the structure, and peat accumulations adjacent to and above the structure. Stratigraphic evidence was used to assess sequences of dates within a Bayesian framework, constraining the chronology for the site as well as providing modelled estimates for key events in its life, namely the use, modification and abandonment of the settlement. The majority of the absolute dating methods produced consistent and coherent datasets. The overall results show that occupation at the site was not a short, single phase, as suggested initially from the excavated remains, but instead a settlement that continued throughout the Norse period. The occupants of the site built the longhouse in a location adjacent to an active peatland, and continued to live there despite the encroachment of peat onto its margins. We estimate that the Underhoull longhouse was constructed in the period cal. AD 805–1050 (95% probability), and most probably in cal. AD 880–1000 (68% probability). Activity within the house ceased in the period cal. AD 1230–1495 (95% probability), and most probably in cal. AD 1260–1380 (68% probability). The Upper House at Underhoull provides important context to the expansion and abandonment of Norse settlement across the wider North Atlantic region. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Archaeomagnetism; Norse; Peat; Radiocarbon; Shetland; Tephrochronology; Unst; Viking
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Houses; Probability; Stratigraphy; Archaeomagnetism; Norse; Radiocarbon; Shetland; Tephrochronology; Unst; Viking; Peat; abandoned land; archaeology; Bayesian analysis; calibration; geoaccumulation; paleomagnetism; peat soil; radiocarbon dating; settlement pattern; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Scotland; Shetland; United Kingdom; Unst
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151971
作者单位	School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada; Historic England, Brooklands Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 8BU, United Kingdom; Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, United Kingdom; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Swindles G.T.,Outram Z.,Batt C.M.,et al. Vikings; peat formation and settlement abandonment: A multi-method chronological approach from Shetland[J],2019,210.
APA	Swindles G.T..,Outram Z..,Batt C.M..,Hamilton W.D..,Church M.J..,...&Dugmore A.J..(2019).Vikings; peat formation and settlement abandonment: A multi-method chronological approach from Shetland.Quaternary Science Reviews,210.
MLA	Swindles G.T.,et al."Vikings; peat formation and settlement abandonment: A multi-method chronological approach from Shetland".Quaternary Science Reviews 210(2019).