气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update

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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.028
	Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update
	Athanassiou A.; van der Geer A.A.E.; Lyras G.A.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0277-3791
起始页码	306
结束页码	321
卷号	218
英文摘要	The Eastern Mediterranean islands, most of which belong to the Aegean archipelago, have a complex biogeographic history, which puts its stamp on their fauna and flora. A now extinct but most important faunal component, in terms of geographic spread and taxonomic diversity, are the elephants. The Eastern Mediterranean islands are particularly rich in Pleistocene endemic elephant localities, which preserve samples of extinct endemic populations. These were either descendants of the European straight-tusked elephant Palaeoloxodon antiquus or the Southern mammoth, Mammuthus meridionalis. Their presence, history and palaeobiogeography has been documented only for Cyprus, Crete, Kasos, Rhodes, Tilos, Kýthera, Naxos, and Delos. For six other islands only anecdotal references exist in the literature: Kálymnos, Astypálaia, Milos, Sériphos, Kýthnos and Paros. Here, we provide an update on previously published specimens and taxa, describe previously undescribed specimens that were relocated in museum collections, as well as recently excavated specimens, and put these in the context of island palaeobiogeography. We conclude that dwarf elephants, endemic to their palaeo-island, lived on the islands of palaeo-Cyclades, Astypálaia, Crete, Kasos–Kárpathos–Saría, Tilos, Rhodes and Cyprus, whereas the elephants from Kephallenía, Kálymnos and Kýthera are indistinguishable on the species level from mainland Palaeoloxodon antiquus. Elephant fossils of unresolved taxonomic status are reported from five present-day islands. The Eastern Mediterranean endemic elephants likely derived from separate and independent colonisation events from the mainland. No island supported more than one proboscidean species at any time. We found that isolation had no effect on the degree of dwarfism, but that there exists a threshold of about 6–10 km distance between the island and the mainland, below which no dwarfism evolved, likely as a result of genetic contact with the mainland population. We also found that although island area is correlated with the degree of dwarfism in elephants, other factors, such as the level of interspecific competition, may limit this degree. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Dwarf elephants; Elephantidae; Europe; Insularity; Mediterranean; Palaeogeography; Palaeontology; Quaternary
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Geology; Natural sciences; Dwarf elephants; Elephantidae; Europe; Insularity; Mediterranean; Palaeogeography; Palaeontology; Quaternary; Mammals; colonization; conservation status; elephant; endemic species; fossil record; Mediterranean environment; paleogeography; paleontology; Pleistocene; Aegean Islands; Astypalaia; Crete [Greece]; Cyclades; Cyprus; Dodecanese; Greece; Kalymnos [Dodecanese]; Kalymnos [Southern Aegean]; Karpathos [Dodecanese]; Karpathos [Southern Aegean]; Kasos; Milos [Cyclades]; Milos [Southern Aegean]; Naxos [Cyclades]; Naxos [Southern Aegean]; Paros [Cyclades]; Paros [Southern Aegean]; Rhodes [Dodecanese]; Rhodes [Southern Aegean]; Saria; Southern Aegean; Elephantidae; Elephas antiquus; Mammuthus meridionalis; Thera
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151842
作者单位	Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology, Ardittou 34B, Athens, 11636, Greece; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, RA 2300, Netherlands; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, 15784, Greece
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Athanassiou A.,van der Geer A.A.E.,Lyras G.A.. Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update[J],2019,218.
APA	Athanassiou A.,van der Geer A.A.E.,&Lyras G.A..(2019).Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update.Quaternary Science Reviews,218.
MLA	Athanassiou A.,et al."Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update".Quaternary Science Reviews 218(2019).