气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal ‘mystery’ eruption of 539/40 CE

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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.037
	Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal ‘mystery’ eruption of 539/40 CE
	Dull R.A.; Southon J.R.; Kutterolf S.; Anchukaitis K.J.; Freundt A.; Wahl D.B.; Sheets P.; Amaroli P.; Hernandez W.; Wiemann M.C.; Oppenheimer C.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0277-3791
卷号	222
英文摘要	Ilopango volcano (El Salvador) erupted violently during the Maya Classic Period (250–900 CE) in a densely-populated and intensively-cultivated region of the southern Maya realm, causing regional abandonment of an area covering more than 20,000 km2. However, neither the regional nor global impacts of the Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption in Mesoamerica have been well appraised due to limitations in available volcanological, chronological, and archaeological observations. Here we present new evidence of the age, magnitude and sulfur release of the TBJ eruption, establishing it as one of the two hitherto unidentified volcanic triggers of a period of stratospheric aerosol loading that profoundly impacted Northern Hemisphere climate and society between circa 536 and 550 CE. Our chronology is derived from 100 new radiocarbon measurements performed on three subfossil tree trunks enveloped in proximal TBJ pyroclastic deposits. We also reassess the eruption magnitude using terrestrial (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) and near-shore marine TBJ tephra deposit thickness measurements. Together, our new constraints on the age, eruption size (43.6 km3 Dense Rock Equivalent of magma, magnitude = 7.0) and sulfur yield (∼9–90 Tg), along with Ilopango's latitude (13.7° N), squarely frame the TBJ as the major climate-forcing eruption of 539 or 540 CE identified in bipolar ice cores and sourced to the tropics. In addition to deepening appreciation of the TBJ eruption's impacts in Mesoamerica, linking it to the major Northern Hemisphere climatic downturn of the mid-6th century CE offers another piece in the puzzle of understanding Eurasian history of the period. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Central America; Classic period; Climate dynamics; Global; Holocene; Maya; Radiocarbon; Sixth century; Tree rings; Volcanology
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Deposits; Forestry; Sulfur; Thickness measurement; Central America; Classic period; Climate dynamics; Global; Holocenes; Maya; Radiocarbon; Sixth century; Tree rings; Volcanology; Volcanoes; Classic period; dendrochronology; radiocarbon dating; subfossil; tephra; tree ring; volcanic eruption; volcano; volcanology; Guatemala [Central America]; Honduras; Mesoamerica
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151746
作者单位	Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360, United States; Environmental Science Institute, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Earth System Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; GEOMAR, Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel, D-24148, Germany; School of Geography and Development and Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States; Department of Geography, University of California at BerkeleyCA 94720, United States; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Fundación Nacional de Arqueología de El Salvador, FUNDAR, San Salvador, El Salvador; Retired from Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, San Salvador, El Salvador; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Dull R.A.,Southon J.R.,Kutterolf S.,等. Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal ‘mystery’ eruption of 539/40 CE[J],2019,222.
APA	Dull R.A..,Southon J.R..,Kutterolf S..,Anchukaitis K.J..,Freundt A..,...&Oppenheimer C..(2019).Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal ‘mystery’ eruption of 539/40 CE.Quaternary Science Reviews,222.
MLA	Dull R.A.,et al."Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal ‘mystery’ eruption of 539/40 CE".Quaternary Science Reviews 222(2019).