气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Risk and reward: Explosive eruptions and obsidian lithic resource at Nabro volcano (Eritrea)

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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105995
	Risk and reward: Explosive eruptions and obsidian lithic resource at Nabro volcano (Eritrea)
	Oppenheimer C.; Khalidi L.; Gratuze B.; Iverson N.; Lane C.; Vidal C.; Sahle Y.; Blegen N.; Yohannes E.; Donovan A.; Goitom B.; Hammond J.O.S.; Keall E.; Ogubazghi G.; McIntosh B.; Büntgen U.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0277-3791
卷号	226
英文摘要	Despite abundant Pleistocene calderas in the East African Rift and Afar, and the significance of regional tephra horizons for archaeological and paleoenvironmental dating, the entanglements of volcanoes and their eruptions with human behaviour and paleoecology have received little attention. Here, we focus on the intertwined human and eruptive history at Nabro, a caldera-topped volcanic massif close to the Red Sea littoral of Eritrea. Nabro exemplifies the antagonism of opportunities and threats posed by a large silicic volcano, active at least since the Middle Pleistocene and as recently as 2011. Using argon isotopic measurements, we establish the first chronology of key eruptive stages of Nabro and neighbouring Mallahle, revealing a history of explosive and effusive volcanism in the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Past eruptions were an important source of obsidian that was exchanged over long distances across land and sea during the Neolithic. We infer that the availability of high-quality obsidian, combined with Nabro's favourable microclimate and proximity to the Red Sea coast, likely attracted humans to this volcanic landmark since the later Middle Pleistocene. Drawing on observations of the immediate consequences of the 2011 eruption on landscape and local pastoralist communities, we consider also the impacts of past volcanic cataclysms on human populations. In addition to the threat to life, explosive eruptions of Nabro circa 130 ka and 62 ka ago would have abruptly curtailed procurement of its obsidian resource. Our findings suggest further attention be paid to evaluating the significance of East African volcanic landscapes, eruptions and resources for understanding human behaviour in deep antiquity. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Ar–Ar geochronology; East Africa; Geoarchaeology; Late quaternary; Obsidian geochemistry
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Behavioral research; Explosives; Geochronology; East Africa; East African Rift; Effusive volcanisms; Explosive eruption; Geo archaeologies; Isotopic measurement; Late quaternary; Middle Pleistocene; Volcanoes; chronology; explosive; geochemistry; microclimate; obsidian; paleoecology; Pleistocene; tephra; volcanism; volcano; East African Rift; Eritrea; Indian Ocean; Red Sea [Indian Ocean]
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151678
作者单位	Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, United Kingdom; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, United Kingdom; UMR 7264, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Culture et Environnements Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen Âge (CEPAM)/Univ., Côte d'Azur, 24 Avenue des Diables Bleus, Nice, 06357, France; IRAMAT-CEB, UMR5060, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France; New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources & Department of Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, United States; DFG Center for Advanced Studies: ‘Words, Bones, Genes, Tools’, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, Tübingen, 72070, Germany; Department of Mines, Eritrea Geological Surveys, PO Box 272, Asmara, Eritrea; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Oppenheimer C.,Khalidi L.,Gratuze B.,et al. Risk and reward: Explosive eruptions and obsidian lithic resource at Nabro volcano (Eritrea)[J],2019,226.
APA	Oppenheimer C..,Khalidi L..,Gratuze B..,Iverson N..,Lane C..,...&Büntgen U..(2019).Risk and reward: Explosive eruptions and obsidian lithic resource at Nabro volcano (Eritrea).Quaternary Science Reviews,226.
MLA	Oppenheimer C.,et al."Risk and reward: Explosive eruptions and obsidian lithic resource at Nabro volcano (Eritrea)".Quaternary Science Reviews 226(2019).