气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant: New insights from the late Middle Paleolithic site of Far'ah II; Israel

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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106304
	The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant: New insights from the late Middle Paleolithic site of Far'ah II; Israel
	Goder-Goldberger M.; Crouvi O.; Caracuta V.; Kolska Horwitz L.; Neumann F.H.; Porat N.; Scott L.; Shavit R.; Jacoby-Glass Y.; Zilberman T.; Boaretto E.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0277-3791
卷号	237
英文摘要	Far'ah II is an open-air site in the north western Negev desert (Israel). Previous excavations in the 1970’s revealed a rich, in situ Middle Paleolithic (MP) assemblage composed of flint and limestone artifacts, animal bones and charcoal. Renewed excavation at the site were undertaken in 2017, to re-date it and provide a more accurate constrain to the sites’ age, as well as collect samples for paleoclimatic proxies. Our new Optically Stimulated Luminescence and 14C ages together with the stable oxygen isotope signature of the loess sediments, constrain the age of the upper archaeological horizon to <49 ka. This age agrees with the younger limit of 60–50 ka, obtained by Electron Spin Resonance ages, measured in the 1990’s. The heavy δ18O values in carbonates point to cooler climatic conditions than those that prevailed during the preceding short, warm episode between 58 and 49 ka. The fauna, pollen and charcoal collected during the excavation portray a savanna-like environment with a mix of Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian elements and a minor Mediterranean component. The lithic assemblage exhibits large technological variability typical of the Late MP (LMP), amongst which are technological traits that are clearly present in the Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) assemblages at the nearby, and roughly contemporaneous, site of Boker Tachtit. If population replacement was the trigger to the MP-UP transition, we would have expected to see a clear break in the cultural material at the onset of the Upper Paleolithic. The semi-arid north western Negev, as an interim region between the Mediterranean and Saharo-Arabian ecozones could have facilitated interaction between populations moving north or south due to fluctuating climatic conditions and changes in population pressures, possibly leading to the emergence of new technological traditions that are observed in the later UP. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Middle east; Negev desert; Paleoenvironment; Pleistocene; Prehistoric hunter-gatherers; Stable isotopes
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Animals; Charcoal; Lime; Luminescence; Magnetic moments; Animal bones; Climatic conditions; Negev desert; Optically stimulated luminescence; Population pressure; Population replacement; Southern levants; Stable oxygen isotopes; Excavation; archaeology; climate conditions; ecozone; luminescence dating; oxygen isotope; paleoclimate; Paleolithic; pollen; proxy climate record; Israel; Levant; Mediterranean Region; Negev; Southern District; Animalia
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151476
作者单位	Bible, Archaeology and Ancient Near East Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yeshayahu Leibowitz St., Jerusalem, Israel; Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology and D-REAMS Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel; Institute for Evolutionary Sciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34900, France; National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Goder-Goldberger M.,Crouvi O.,Caracuta V.,et al. The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant: New insights from the late Middle Paleolithic site of Far'ah II; Israel[J],2020,237.
APA	Goder-Goldberger M..,Crouvi O..,Caracuta V..,Kolska Horwitz L..,Neumann F.H..,...&Boaretto E..(2020).The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant: New insights from the late Middle Paleolithic site of Far'ah II; Israel.Quaternary Science Reviews,237.
MLA	Goder-Goldberger M.,et al."The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the southern Levant: New insights from the late Middle Paleolithic site of Far'ah II; Israel".Quaternary Science Reviews 237(2020).