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DOI	10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106582
	The origins of Amazonian landscapes: Plant cultivation; domestication and the spread of food production in tropical South America
	Iriarte J.; Elliott S.; Maezumi S.Y.; Alves D.; Gonda R.; Robinson M.; Gregorio de Souza J.; Watling J.; Handley J.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0277-3791
卷号	248
英文摘要	During the last two decades, new archaeological projects which systematically integrate a variety of plant recovery techniques, along with palaeoecology, palaeoclimate, soil science and floristic inventories, have started to transform our understanding of plant exploitation, cultivation and domestication in tropical South America. Archaeobotanical studies are providing a far greater appreciation of the role of plants in the diets of early colonists. Since ∼13ka, these diets relied mainly on palm, tree fruits, and underground tubers, along with terrestrial and riverine faunal resources. Recent evidence indicates two areas of precocious plant cultivation and domestication: the sub-Andean montane forest of NW South America and the shrub savannahs and seasonal forests of SW Amazonia. In the latter area, thousands of anthropic keystone structures represented by forest islands show a significant human footprint in Amazonia from the start of the Holocene. While radiocarbon date databases show a decline in population during the middle Holocene, important developments happened during this epoch, including the domestication of cacao, the adoption of maize and the spread of manioc across the basin. The late Holocene witnessed the domestication of rice and the development of agricultural landscapes characterised by raised fields and Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs). Our multi-proxy analysis of 23 late Holocene ADEs and two lakes from southern Amazonia provides the first direct evidence of field polyculture agriculture including the cultivation of maize, manioc, sweet potato, squash, arrowroot and leren within closed-canopy forest, as well as enrichment with palms, limited clearing for crop cultivation, and low-severity fire management. Collectively, the evidence shows that during the late Holocene Amazonian farmers engaged in intensive agriculture marked by the cultivation of both annual and perennial crops relying on organic amendments requiring soil preparation and maintenance. Our study has broader implications for sustainable Amazonian futures. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Agriculture; Amazon; Amazonian dark earths; Charcoal; Food production; Land use; Phytoliths; Plant domestication; Pollen; Pre-columbian
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Agricultural robots; Crops; Forestry; Plants (botany); Population statistics; Tropics; Agricultural landscapes; Amazonian dark earths; Low-severity fire; Multi-proxy analysis; Organic amendments; Radiocarbon dates; Recovery techniques; Soil preparation; Cultivation; cultivation; domestication; food production; Holocene; intensive agriculture; montane forest; paleoclimate; paleoecology; polyculture; soil science; Amazonia; Ipomoea batatas; Manihot esculenta; Maranta arundinacea; Theobroma cacao; Zea mays
来源期刊	Quaternary Science Reviews
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151282
作者单位	Department of Archaeology, College of Humanities, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Rd, Exeter, EX4 4QE, United Kingdom; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Dorset, Poole, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom; Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Postbus 94240, Amsterdam, 1090, Netherlands; Department of Anthropology, Federal University of Pará, Guamá Campus, R. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; Culture and Socio-Ecological Dynamics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Edifici Mercè Rodoreda C/ Ramon Trias Fargas, Barcelona, 25-27 08005, Spain; Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado 1466, São Paulo, SP 05508-070, Brazil; Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Earley, Reading, RG6 6AX, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Iriarte J.,Elliott S.,Maezumi S.Y.,et al. The origins of Amazonian landscapes: Plant cultivation; domestication and the spread of food production in tropical South America[J],2020,248.
APA	Iriarte J..,Elliott S..,Maezumi S.Y..,Alves D..,Gonda R..,...&Handley J..(2020).The origins of Amazonian landscapes: Plant cultivation; domestication and the spread of food production in tropical South America.Quaternary Science Reviews,248.
MLA	Iriarte J.,et al."The origins of Amazonian landscapes: Plant cultivation; domestication and the spread of food production in tropical South America".Quaternary Science Reviews 248(2020).