气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The survival; recovery; and diversification of metazoan reef ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction event

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DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.08.014
	The survival; recovery; and diversification of metazoan reef ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction event
	Martindale R.C.; Foster W.J.; Velledits F.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0031-0182
起始页码	100
结束页码	115
卷号	513
英文摘要	The Triassic Period records important ecological transitions in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction and is a key interval in the evolution of modern coral reefs. There have been several critical developments in our understanding of Triassic reef evolution over the past decade: the timing of events and duration of stages have changed dramatically; the discovery of metazoan reefs in the Early Triassic; details about the environmental perturbations that drove the extinction; the relationship between tectonic activity and platform margin reef proliferation; and additional proxy evidence for the co-evolution of coral reef-builders and their photosymbionts. Here, we provide an up-to-date synthesis of reef collapse and recovery dynamics following the end-Permian extinction, specifically integrating recent discoveries. The evolution of reef ecosystems can be divided into five phases based on their composition. 1) Microbial-metazoan reefs represent survival communities that characterize the immediate extinction aftermath. 2) The re-establishment of reefs built by metazoans (small sponge biostromes and bivalve buildups) is observed in oxygenated settings in the Olenekian (Early Triassic). 3) Towards the end of the Olenekian and into the Anisian (Middle Triassic) low-diversity, “Tubiphytes”-dominated reefs formed, which represent the first Triassic platform-margin reefs; platform-margin reefs, however, are not widespread until the late Anisian. 4) Late Anisian reefs also record a composition change and increase in species richness with sponges and “Tubiphytes” as the main reef builders. 5) The first scleractinian corals (which are the main reef builder in modern marine reef ecosystems) evolved during the Anisian but are not reported as dominant reef builders until the Late Triassic. The radiation of coral reefs is posited to be coupled to the acquisition of photosymbionts (e.g., zooxanthellae). There is clearly a stepwise evolution of reef types during the Triassic; however, once each reef type appears it persists throughout the remainder of the Triassic. The survival, recovery, and diversification of reef ecosystems is, therefore, more complex than previously outlined, particularly with respect to the earliest post-extinction ecosystems. These recent advances highlight the need to thoroughly document the faunal compositions of understudied reef systems as well as to continue the exploration of Triassic ecosystems in underrepresented regions. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Early Triassic; Ocean acidification; Paleoecology; Photosymbiosis; Platform margin reefs; Reef gap; Triassic
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Anisian; bivalve; coral; coral reef; marine ecosystem; mass extinction; metazoan; ocean acidification; paleoecology; Permian; species richness; sponge; survival; symbiont; Triassic; Anthozoa; Bivalvia; Metazoa; Scleractinia
来源期刊	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/151212
作者单位	Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geoscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Jackson School of Geoscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Institute of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros utca 1, Miskolc, 3515, Hungary
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Martindale R.C.,Foster W.J.,Velledits F.. The survival; recovery; and diversification of metazoan reef ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction event[J],2019,513.
APA	Martindale R.C.,Foster W.J.,&Velledits F..(2019).The survival; recovery; and diversification of metazoan reef ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction event.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,513.
MLA	Martindale R.C.,et al."The survival; recovery; and diversification of metazoan reef ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction event".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 513(2019).