气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The Olduvai Gorge Coring Project: Drilling high resolution palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental archives to constrain hominin evolution

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DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110059
	The Olduvai Gorge Coring Project: Drilling high resolution palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental archives to constrain hominin evolution
	Njau J.K.; Toth N.; Schick K.; Stanistreet I.G.; McHenry L.J.; Stollhofen H.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0031-0182
卷号	561
英文摘要	Volcano-sedimentary cores recovered from Pleistocene Palaeolake Olduvai by the Olduvai Gorge Coring Project (OGCP) provide a high-resolution record for reconstructing climatic and environmental contexts of hominin evolution. Approximately 612 m were recovered from four cores from three drill sites across the basin depocentre through scientific drilling, and these have yielded unprecedented data that substantially extend the Olduvai record both temporally and spatially. Results from multiproxy analyses based on sedimentological, mineralogical, isotopic, and geochemical measurements, along with analysis of organic matter and microfossils, backed up by new 40Ar/39Ar dating, palaeomagnetic reversal analysis and tuff fingerprinting, provide detailed palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental data, and stratigraphic resolution adequate to provide context for the palaeoanthropological records from outcrops. In this Special Issue we present the first phase reporting of the core results, which establishes a new stratigraphic and palaeogeographic framework upon which palaeoenvironmental and palaeoanthropological data can be contextualized. The cores revealed thick intercalated lakebeds below the Bed I Basalt and the even older Naabi Ignimbrite, more than doubling the thickness of the known Olduvai stratigraphy. Seismic studies suggest that the sedimentary sequence contained in the lake's depositional sump extends even further back in time, perhaps back to ~2.5 Ma, nearly 500 kyr older than the deepest strata exposed in outcrop. From stratal characteristics, we deduce that the palaeolake was deeper, more permanent, and longer-lived within the lake sump than previously thought, at least until the Masek Beds (before ~0.82 Ma), although frequent phases of total or nearly total lake emptying/drying were detected, and the lake depocentre was at times filled by volcaniclastic fan progradation during periods of intense volcanic activity in the neighboring Ngorongoro Volcanic Highlands. Furthermore, biogeochemical evidence supports our interpretation of the lake history, and documents abrupt transitions in terrestrial vegetation, aquatic biota, and lake dynamics on a Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch scale, which potentially exerted complex influences on hominin-exploited palaeolandscapes. This work revises the longstanding view of the basin history and transforms the scientific debate about the environmental conditions under which hominins evolved in the Olduvai Basin. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	40Ar/39Ar; Biomarkers; Eastern Africa palaeolakes; Magnetostratigraphy; Palaeoanthropology; Scientific Drilling; Tanzania; Tephrostratigraphy
语种	英语
scopus关键词	drilling; environmental conditions; historical record; hominid; human evolution; lake dynamics; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; Pleistocene; progradation; project management; proxy climate record; reconstruction; Arusha [Tanzania]; Highlands; Ngorongoro Crater; Olduvai Gorge; Scotland; Tanzania; United Kingdom
来源期刊	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/150260
作者单位	Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405-1405, United States; The Stone Age Institute, 1392 W. Dittemore Rd, Bloomington, IN 47407-5097, United States; Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 702 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-1405, United States; Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, PO Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3GP, United Kingdom; Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 N. Maryland Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States; GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßgarten 5, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Njau J.K.,Toth N.,Schick K.,et al. The Olduvai Gorge Coring Project: Drilling high resolution palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental archives to constrain hominin evolution[J],2021,561.
APA	Njau J.K.,Toth N.,Schick K.,Stanistreet I.G.,McHenry L.J.,&Stollhofen H..(2021).The Olduvai Gorge Coring Project: Drilling high resolution palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental archives to constrain hominin evolution.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,561.
MLA	Njau J.K.,et al."The Olduvai Gorge Coring Project: Drilling high resolution palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental archives to constrain hominin evolution".Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 561(2021).