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DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111481
	A review of radioactivity in the Gulf region
	Uddin S.; Fowler S.W.; Behbehani M.; Al-Ghadban A.N.; Swarzenski P.W.; Al-Awadhi N.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0025326X
卷号	159
英文摘要	The region around the Gulf is moving toward a nuclear energy option with the first nuclear power plant now operational in Bushehr, Iran. Others are soon to be commissioned in Abu Dhabi and in Saudi Arabia. For this reason, radiological safety is becoming a prime concern in the region. This review compiles published data on radionuclide concentrations in seawater, sediment, and biota that have been analyzed in the Gulf countries, along with spatial distribution patterns to enable a synoptic view of the available datasets. The seawater concentrations of 3H, 210Po, 210Pb, 137Cs, and 90Sr varied between 130 and 146, 0.48–0.68, 0.75–0.89, 1.25–1.38, 0.57–0.78 mBq L−1, respectively. The 226Ra concentration in seawater varied between 0.26 and 3.82 Bq L−1. Extremely high 40K concentrations between 132 and 149 Bq L−1 have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to 8.9–9.3 Bq L−1 from the western side of the Gulf. Concentrations of 40K, total 210Pb, 137Cs, 90Sr, 226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 235U, 234U, 239+240Pu, and 238Pu were determined in sediment and ranged between 353 and 445, 23.6–44.3, 1.0–3.1, 4.8–5.29, 17.3–20.5, 15–16.4, 28.7–31.4, 1.26–1.30, 29.7–30.0, 0.045–0.21 and 0.028–0.03 Bq kg−1 dry weight, respectively. Significantly higher 137Cs values have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to the western coast of the Gulf. Whole fish concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 137Cs, 210Po and 90Sr ranged between 230 and 447, 0.7–7.3, <0.5–6.6, <0.5–15.80, <0.17, 0.88–4.26 and 1.86–5.34 Bq kg−1 dry weight, respectively. 210Po was found to be highly concentrated in several marine organisms with the highest 210Po concentration found in the clam Marcia marmorata (193.5–215.6 Bq kg−1 dry weight). The review highlights the overall paucity of data and inconsistencies in the measurement of radionuclides throughout the Gulf region. Further, since the region is moving toward nuclear energy to meet its increasing energy demand, and coupled with the environmental effects from offshore oil exploration and the heavy impact of climate change, there is a pressing need to undertake a comprehensive marine radioactivity monitoring and assessment effort by conducting a joint cruise in the Gulf with participation of all the adjoining countries. Several recommendations on sampling marine matrixes in the Gulf are given with the aim of improving comparability of radionuclide data from the various studies undertaken in the Gulf region. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	137-Cs; Biota; Marine area; Seawater; Sediment; Spatial distribution
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate change; Marine biology; Nuclear energy; Nuclear fuels; Offshore oil well production; Offshore petroleum prospecting; Radiation; Radioactivity; Radioisotopes; Seawater; Marine organisms; Marine radioactivity; Monitoring and assessment; Offshore oil exploration; Radiological safety; Radionuclide concentration; Seawater concentration; Spatial distribution patterns; Nuclear power plants; cesium 137; lead 210; plutonium 238; plutonium 239; plutonium 240; polonium; potassium 40; radium 226; radium 228; sea water; strontium 90; thorium 232; tritium; uranium 234; uranium 235; concentration (composition); marine pollution; radioactivity; radionuclide; seawater; spatial distribution; water quality; clam; Iran; Kuwait; Marcia marmorata; nonhuman; nuclear energy; Oman; Qatar; radioactivity; Review; Saudi Arabia; seashore; sediment; animal; radiation monitoring; United Arab Emirates; water pollutant; Abu Dhabi [United Arab Emirates]; Bushehr; Iran; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Bivalvia; Animals; Iran; Radiation Monitoring; Radioactivity; Saudi Arabia; Seawater; United Arab Emirates; Water Pollutants, Radioactive
来源期刊	Marine Pollution Bulletin
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/148665
作者单位	Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States; Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency98000, Monaco
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Uddin S.,Fowler S.W.,Behbehani M.,et al. A review of radioactivity in the Gulf region[J],2020,159.
APA	Uddin S.,Fowler S.W.,Behbehani M.,Al-Ghadban A.N.,Swarzenski P.W.,&Al-Awadhi N..(2020).A review of radioactivity in the Gulf region.Marine Pollution Bulletin,159.
MLA	Uddin S.,et al."A review of radioactivity in the Gulf region".Marine Pollution Bulletin 159(2020).