气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Traditional water distribution for irrigation in the middle east: Practices and environmental impacts

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DOI	10.2166/wcc.2016.157
	Traditional water distribution for irrigation in the middle east: Practices and environmental impacts
	Tumeizi A.; Abu Hammad A.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	20402244
起始页码	1
结束页码	12
卷号	8 期号:1
英文摘要	Traditional water distribution and irrigation systems have been used in the Middle East in agriculture for thousands of years. The main objectives of the study are to investigate positive and negative environmental and social impacts of such traditional methods in three countries of the Mediterranean (Sudan, Yemen, and Palestine). To achieve these objectives, field visits, observations, interviews, and questionnaires were used. The results showed the presence of five main traditional water distribution systems in the three areas. Differences in the existing systems were attributed to farmers’ education level, experience, and degree of water scarcity in the area (50% of the educated farmers, more experienced farmers and water scarcity areas are adopting modern irrigation techniques, especially in Palestine). Preserving existing natural habitat and strengthening of social ties and relations between farmers were among the positive environmental impacts of such old methods. Water losses through high evaporation (about 40% water loss), seepage and water pollution were among the negative impacts. Proper planning and control, especially by public institutions, and programs for environmental awareness are some necessary actions to minimize the negative impacts in such traditional water societies. Such suggested measures are specifically important to be adopted whenever modern methods of water distribution (pipelines) and irrigation (drip irrigation) are intended to be applied. © IWA Publishing 2017.
英文关键词	Environmental impacts; Middle East; Natural habitat; Social relations; Traditional irrigation
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Agriculture; Ecosystems; Irrigation; Reservoirs (water); Surveys; Water distribution systems; Water pollution; Water supply systems; Environmental awareness; Irrigation systems; Middle East; Natural habitat; Planning and control; Social relations; Traditional irrigation; Water distributions; Environmental impact; distribution system; drip irrigation; environmental impact; habitat; irrigation system; pipeline; social impact; Palestine; Sudan; Yemen
来源期刊	Journal of Water and Climate Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/148128
作者单位	Department of Geography, Birzeit University, PO Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, Palestine
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Tumeizi A.,Abu Hammad A.. Traditional water distribution for irrigation in the middle east: Practices and environmental impacts[J],2017,8(1).
APA	Tumeizi A.,&Abu Hammad A..(2017).Traditional water distribution for irrigation in the middle east: Practices and environmental impacts.Journal of Water and Climate Change,8(1).
MLA	Tumeizi A.,et al."Traditional water distribution for irrigation in the middle east: Practices and environmental impacts".Journal of Water and Climate Change 8.1(2017).