气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Temperature observations in Florence; Italy; after the end of the Medici Network (1654–1670): the Grifoni record (1751

CCPortal

DOI	10.1007/s10584-020-02760-z
	Temperature observations in Florence; Italy; after the end of the Medici Network (1654–1670): the Grifoni record (1751–1766)
	Camuffo D.; Becherini F.; della Valle A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0165-0009
起始页码	943
结束页码	963
卷号	162 期号:2
英文摘要	This paper deals with the earliest meteorological observations in Florence after the Medici Network (1654–1670), i.e., from mid-seventeenth to mid-eighteenth century, and puts them in the context of the history of meteorology in Florence. After the gap caused by the Inquisition, observations started again in the eighteenth century, made by Cipriano Antonino Targioni (1728–1748), Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti (1737–1740), Pietro Gaetano Grifoni (1751–1766), Leonardo Ximenes (1752), and Luca Martini (1756–1772). The first two records were lost, and this paper considers those by Grifoni and Ximenes. The latter is affected by severe bias; the former is of good quality and has been recovered and analyzed. Both the observers made only one reading a day and the metadata are scarce. The paper discusses several issues: the conversion from the apparent solar time to the Central Europe Time; the transformation from a single reading to a daily average; the identification of the thermometric liquid and the scale; the test made with the snow benchmark; the comparison with the contemporary series in Bologna. The comparison of the reconstructed series with other periods, i.e., 1654–1670, 1881–1910, 1961–1990, and 1991–2017, reveals that in mid-eighteenth century the temperature reached the lowest levels, especially in summer, and showed a sudden warming in the most recent decades. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.
英文关键词	Climate change; Early instrumental records; History of meteorology; Temperature series
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climate change; Central Europe; Florence; Florence , Italy; Leonardo; Meteorological observation; Solar time; Temperature observations; Thermometric liquid; Climate models; air temperature; benchmarking; global warming; historical record; metadata; meteorology; reconstruction; Bologna [Emilia-Romagna]; Central Europe; Emilia-Romagna; Florence [Kentucky]; Italy; Kentucky; United States
来源期刊	Climatic Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/147104
作者单位	National Research Council-Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Corso Stati Uniti 4, Padua, 35127, Italy; National Research Council-Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, Venice Mestre, 30172, Italy
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Camuffo D.,Becherini F.,della Valle A.. Temperature observations in Florence; Italy; after the end of the Medici Network (1654–1670): the Grifoni record (1751–1766)[J],2020,162(2).
APA	Camuffo D.,Becherini F.,&della Valle A..(2020).Temperature observations in Florence; Italy; after the end of the Medici Network (1654–1670): the Grifoni record (1751–1766).Climatic Change,162(2).
MLA	Camuffo D.,et al."Temperature observations in Florence; Italy; after the end of the Medici Network (1654–1670): the Grifoni record (1751–1766)".Climatic Change 162.2(2020).