气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe as described by both documentary data and instrumental measurements

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019
	The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe as described by both documentary data and instrumental measurements
	Brázdil R.; R. Demarée G.; Kiss A.; Dobrovolný P.; Chroma K.; Trnka M.; Dolak L.; Åezníčková L.; Zahradníček P.; Limanowka D.; Jourdain S.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	18149324
起始页码	1861
结束页码	1884
卷号	15 期号:5
英文摘要	Extreme droughts are weather phenomena of considerable importance, involving significant environmental and societal impacts. While those that have occurred in the comparatively recent period of instrumental measurement are identified and dated on the basis of systematic, machine-standardized meteorological and hydrological observations, droughts that took place in the pre-instrumental period are usually described only through the medium of documentary evidence. The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe presents a case in which information from documentary data can be combined with systematic instrumental observations. Seasonal, gridded European precipitation totals are used herein to describe general DJF, MAM, and JJA precipitation patterns. Annual variations in monthly temperatures and precipitation at individual stations are expressed with respect to a 1961-1990 reference period, supplemented by calculation of selected drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI; Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI; and Palmer Z index). The mean circulation patterns during the driest months are elucidated by means of sea-level pressure (SLP) maps, the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI), and the Central European Zonal Index (CEZI). Generally drier patterns in 1842 prevailed in January-February and at various intensities between April and August. The driest patterns in 1842 occurred in a broad zonal belt extending from France to eastern central Europe. A range of documentary data is used to describe the peculiarities of agricultural, hydrological, and socio-economic droughts, with particular attention to environmental and societal impacts and human responses to them. Although overall grain yields were not very strongly influenced, a particularly bad hay harvest, no aftermath (hay from a second cut), and low potato yields led to severe problems, especially for those who raised cattle. Finally, the 1842 drought is discussed in terms of long-term drought variability, European tree-ring-based scPDSI (self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index) reconstruction, and the broader context of societal impacts. © 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	annual variation; crop yield; drought; extreme event; North Atlantic Oscillation; potato; Bos; Solanum tuberosum
来源期刊	Climate of the Past
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/146870
作者单位	Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium; Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Historical Auxiliary Sciences, Institute of History, University of Szeged, Hungary; Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Rydla 17, Kraków, Poland; Météo-France, Direction de la Climatologie et des Services Climatiques, Toulouse, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Brázdil R.,R. Demarée G.,Kiss A.,et al. The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe as described by both documentary data and instrumental measurements[J],2019,15(5).
APA	Brázdil R..,R. Demarée G..,Kiss A..,Dobrovolný P..,Chroma K..,...&Jourdain S..(2019).The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe as described by both documentary data and instrumental measurements.Climate of the Past,15(5).
MLA	Brázdil R.,et al."The extreme drought of 1842 in Europe as described by both documentary data and instrumental measurements".Climate of the Past 15.5(2019).