气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The cloud-free global energy balance and inferred cloud radiative effects: an assessment based on direct observations and climate models

CCPortal

DOI	10.1007/s00382-018-4413-y
	The cloud-free global energy balance and inferred cloud radiative effects: an assessment based on direct observations and climate models
	Wild M.; Hakuba M.Z.; Folini D.; Dörig-Ott P.; Schär C.; Kato S.; Long C.N.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	4787
结束页码	4812
卷号	52 期号:2020-07-08
英文摘要	In recent studies we quantified the global mean Earth energy balance based on direct observations from surface and space. Here we infer complementary reference estimates for its components specifically under cloud-free conditions. While the clear-sky fluxes at the top of atmosphere (TOA) are accurately known from satellite measurements, the corresponding fluxes at the Earth’s surface are not equally well established, as they cannot be directly measured from space. This is also evident in 38 global climate models from CMIP5, which are shown to greatly vary in their clear-sky surface radiation budgets. To better constrain the latter, we established new clear-sky reference climatologies of surface downward shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes from worldwide distributed Baseline Surface Radiation Network sites. 33 out of the 38 CMIP5 models overestimate the clear-sky downward shortwave reference climatologies, whereas both substantial overestimations and underestimations are found in the longwave counterparts in some of the models. From the bias structure of the CMIP5 models we infer best estimates for the global mean surface downward clear-sky shortwave and longwave radiation, at 247 and 314 Wm −2 , respectively. With a global mean surface albedo of 13.5% and net shortwave clear-sky flux of 287 Wm −2 at the TOA this results in a global mean clear-sky surface and atmospheric shortwave absorption of 214 and 73 Wm −2 , respectively. From the newly-established diagrams of the global energy balance under clear-sky and all-sky conditions, we quantify the cloud radiative effects not only at the TOA, but also within the atmosphere and at the surface. © 2018, The Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	clear sky; cloud radiative forcing; CMIP; energy balance; longwave radiation; shortwave radiation; surface flux; top of atmosphere
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/146391
作者单位	Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8001, Switzerland; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, CO 80523, United States; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States; NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; NOAA ESRL GMD/CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wild M.,Hakuba M.Z.,Folini D.,et al. The cloud-free global energy balance and inferred cloud radiative effects: an assessment based on direct observations and climate models[J],2019,52(2020-07-08).
APA	Wild M..,Hakuba M.Z..,Folini D..,Dörig-Ott P..,Schär C..,...&Long C.N..(2019).The cloud-free global energy balance and inferred cloud radiative effects: an assessment based on direct observations and climate models.Climate Dynamics,52(2020-07-08).
MLA	Wild M.,et al."The cloud-free global energy balance and inferred cloud radiative effects: an assessment based on direct observations and climate models".Climate Dynamics 52.2020-07-08(2019).