气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific

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DOI	10.1007/s00382-017-3702-1
	The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific
	Takahashi K.; Martínez A.G.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	7389
结束页码	7415
卷号	52 期号:12
英文摘要	The 1925 El Niño (EN) event was the third strongest in the twentieth century according to its impacts in the far-eastern Pacific (FEP) associated with severe rainfall and flooding in coastal northern Peru and Ecuador in February–April 1925. In this study we gathered and synthesised a large diversity of in situ observations to provide a new assessment of this event from a modern perspective. In contrast to the extreme 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 events, this very strong “coastal El Niño” in early 1925 was characterised by warm conditions in the FEP, but cool conditions elsewhere in the central Pacific. Hydrographic and tide-gauge data indicate that downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves had little role in its initiation. Instead, ship data indicate an abrupt onset of strong northerly winds across the equator and the strengthening/weakening of the intertropical convergence zones (ITCZ) south/north of the equator. Observations indicate lack of external atmospheric forcing by the Panama gap jet and the south Pacific anticyclone and suggest that the coupled ocean–atmosphere feedback dynamics associated with the ITCZs, northerly winds, and the north–south SST asymmetry in the FEP lead to the enhancement of the seasonal cycle that produced this EN event. We propose that the cold conditions in the western-central equatorial Pacific, through its teleconnection effects on the FEP, helped destabilize the ITCZ and enhanced the meridional ocean–atmosphere feedback, as well as helping produce the very strong coastal rainfall. This is indicated by the nonlinear relation between the Piura river record at 5°S and the SST difference between the FEP and the western-central equatorial Pacific, a stability proxy. In summary, there are two types of EN events with very strong impacts in the FEP, both apparently associated with nonlinear convective feedbacks but with very different dynamics: the very strong warm ENSO events like 1982–1983 and 1997–1998, and the very strong “coastal” EN events like 1925. © 2017, The Author(s).
英文关键词	Coastal El Niño; Eastern Pacific; Ecuador; ENSO; Peru; Wind-evaporation-SST feedback
语种	英语
scopus关键词	climate feedback; coastal zone; El Nino; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; evaporation; flooding; rainfall; sea surface temperature; teleconnection; Ecuador; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (East); Pacific Ocean (Equatorial); Peru
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/146281
作者单位	Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Calle Badajoz 169, Mayorazgo IV Etapa, Ate Vitarte, Lima, 15012, Peru
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Takahashi K.,Martínez A.G.. The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific[J],2019,52(12).
APA	Takahashi K.,&Martínez A.G..(2019).The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific.Climate Dynamics,52(12).
MLA	Takahashi K.,et al."The very strong coastal El Niño in 1925 in the far-eastern Pacific".Climate Dynamics 52.12(2019).