气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Linking preconditioning to extreme ENSO events and reduced ensemble spread

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DOI	10.1007/s00382-017-3791-x
	Linking preconditioning to extreme ENSO events and reduced ensemble spread
	Larson S.M.; Kirtman B.P.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	7417
结束页码	7433
卷号	52 期号:12
英文摘要	The contribution of the subsurface precursor, defined as the buildup of heat content in the equatorial subsurface prior to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, to ENSO amplitude and predictability has been unclear for some time. To address the issue, this study implements a careful experimental design to construct three March-initialized precursor ensembles using CCSM4, one ensemble with ENSO-neutral initial conditions, one with a warm precursor in the subsurface, and one with a cold precursor. The initial precursors within each respective ensemble, although generated via identical wind forcing, differ slightly due to intrinsic sources of “noise” in the ocean and atmosphere. The ensembles are then integrated fully-coupled to produce a distribution of outcomes per each type of initial condition. Results show that a precursor is not essential to produce moderate El Niño and the full range of La Niña events, whereas a warm precursor is a necessary condition to generate extreme El Niño. The findings imply that extreme El Niño and the coldest La Niña events are fundamentally different. Presence of a warm (cold) precursor in the initial condition results in a warm (cold) shift and narrowing of the distribution of outcomes, suggesting increased predictability of El Niño (La Niña). Although the cold precursor is not necessary to produce La Niña, its presence in the initial condition reduces La Niña spread more than the warm precursor reduces El Niño spread. Despite the smaller ensemble spread for La Niña, signal-to-noise ratios indicate that El Niño may be more predictable than La Niña. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	air-sea interaction; climate modeling; El Nino; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; ensemble forecasting; La Nina; wind forcing
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/146280
作者单位	Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Nelson Institute, Center for Climatic Research, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Larson S.M.,Kirtman B.P.. Linking preconditioning to extreme ENSO events and reduced ensemble spread[J],2019,52(12).
APA	Larson S.M.,&Kirtman B.P..(2019).Linking preconditioning to extreme ENSO events and reduced ensemble spread.Climate Dynamics,52(12).
MLA	Larson S.M.,et al."Linking preconditioning to extreme ENSO events and reduced ensemble spread".Climate Dynamics 52.12(2019).