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DOI	10.1007/s00382-018-4296-y
	Disentangling the impact of nutrient load and climate changes on Baltic Sea hypoxia and eutrophication since 1850
	Meier H.E.M.; Eilola K.; Almroth-Rosell E.; Schimanke S.; Kniebusch M.; Höglund A.; Pemberton P.; Liu Y.; Väli G.; Saraiva S.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	1145
结束页码	1166
卷号	53 期号:2020-01-02
英文摘要	In the Baltic Sea hypoxia has been increased considerably since the first oxygen measurements became available in 1898. In 2016 the annual maximum extent of hypoxia covered an area of the sea bottom of about 70,000 km2, comparable with the size of Ireland, whereas 150 years ago hypoxia was presumably not existent or at least very small. The general view is that the increase in hypoxia was caused by eutrophication due to anthropogenic riverborne nutrient loads. However, the role of changing climate, e.g. warming, is less clear. In this study, different causes of expanding hypoxia were investigated. A reconstruction of the changing Baltic Sea ecosystem during the period 1850–2008 was performed using a coupled physical-biogeochemical ocean circulation model. To disentangle the drivers of eutrophication and hypoxia a series of sensitivity experiments was carried out. We found that the decadal to centennial changes in eutrophication and hypoxia were mainly caused by changing riverborne nutrient loads and atmospheric deposition. The impacts of other drivers like observed warming and eustatic sea level rise were comparatively smaller but still important depending on the selected ecosystem indicator. Further, (1) fictively combined changes in air temperature, cloudiness and mixed layer depth chosen from 1904, (2) exaggerated increases in nutrient concentrations in the North Sea and (3) high-end scenarios of future sea level rise may have an important impact. However, during the past 150 years hypoxia would not have been developed if nutrient conditions had remained at pristine levels. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
英文关键词	Climate change; Coastal seas; Cyanobacteria; Eutrophication; Hypoxia; Numerical modeling; Reconstruction
语种	英语
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/146225
作者单位	Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, 18119, Germany; Department of Research and Development, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, 60176, Sweden; Climate Information and Statistics, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, 60176, Sweden; Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Meier H.E.M.,Eilola K.,Almroth-Rosell E.,et al. Disentangling the impact of nutrient load and climate changes on Baltic Sea hypoxia and eutrophication since 1850[J],2019,53(2020-01-02).
APA	Meier H.E.M..,Eilola K..,Almroth-Rosell E..,Schimanke S..,Kniebusch M..,...&Saraiva S..(2019).Disentangling the impact of nutrient load and climate changes on Baltic Sea hypoxia and eutrophication since 1850.Climate Dynamics,53(2020-01-02).
MLA	Meier H.E.M.,et al."Disentangling the impact of nutrient load and climate changes on Baltic Sea hypoxia and eutrophication since 1850".Climate Dynamics 53.2020-01-02(2019).