气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Coupling of a physically based lake model into the climate forecast system to improve winter climate forecasts for the Great Lakes region

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DOI	10.1007/s00382-019-04939-2
	Coupling of a physically based lake model into the climate forecast system to improve winter climate forecasts for the Great Lakes region
	Lv Z.; Zhang S.; Jin J.; Wu Y.; Ek M.B.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	6503
结束页码	6517
卷号	53 期号:2020-09-10
英文摘要	In this study, we coupled the two-layer one-dimensional Freshwater lake (FLake) model into the Climate Forecast System (CFS) version 2 to improve simulations of the effects of the Great Lakes on winter climate forecasts in that region. We first incorporated global lake fraction and depth data into the coupled CFS-FLake through a subgridding system. An interface between the CFS and FLake was then developed to link the two models for energy and water flux exchanges. The lake scheme was triggered only if the lake fraction was more than 10% in one CFS grid cell. We conducted ensemble retrospective forecasts with CFS-FLake for the period of 1997 through 2016 with 9 monthly leads. These forecasts were assessed to obtain a better understanding of the role of the Great Lakes in the climate system for winter, when significant lake-effect precipitation often occurs. Our results indicate that forecasts of lake surface temperature (LST), lake ice coverage (LIC), and precipitation with CFS-FLake were consistently better than those with CFS. The major improvements resulted from changes in land use type for the Great Lakes, from ocean and land in CFS to lakes in CFS-FLake. With the change from ocean to lake, LST mostly decreased with increasing LIC, resulting in lower surface heat and water fluxes to the atmosphere during the winter. However, with the change from land to lake, LST increased, leading to higher heat and water fluxes. In the meantime, precipitation predicted by CFS-FLake was reduced quite significantly over the Great Lakes compared to that by CFS. This reduction was caused by suppressed rising motion due to increased stability in the lower atmosphere as a result of lowered surface heat and water fluxes. The results from this study indicate that local and mesoscale surface and atmospheric processes significantly affect regional climate forecasts, and the coupled CFS-FLake model will have a broader impact on climate and hydrology research and forecasts. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
英文关键词	CFS; Climate forecasts; FLake; Lake effects; Lake-atmosphere coupled model
语种	英语
scopus关键词	climate prediction; computer simulation; ice cover; lacustrine environment; precipitation (climatology); regional climate; water temperature; winter; Great Lakes [North America]
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/145863
作者单位	Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China; Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States; I. M. System Group at EMC/NCEP/NOAA, College Park, MD 20740, United States; Research Applications Lab, Joint Numerical Testbed, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lv Z.,Zhang S.,Jin J.,et al. Coupling of a physically based lake model into the climate forecast system to improve winter climate forecasts for the Great Lakes region[J],2019,53(2020-09-10).
APA	Lv Z.,Zhang S.,Jin J.,Wu Y.,&Ek M.B..(2019).Coupling of a physically based lake model into the climate forecast system to improve winter climate forecasts for the Great Lakes region.Climate Dynamics,53(2020-09-10).
MLA	Lv Z.,et al."Coupling of a physically based lake model into the climate forecast system to improve winter climate forecasts for the Great Lakes region".Climate Dynamics 53.2020-09-10(2019).