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DOI	10.1007/s00382-019-05000-y
	Structural changes and variability of the ITCZ induced by radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interactions: inferences from the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework (GMMF) experiments
	Lau W.K.M.; Kim K.-M.; Chern J.-D.; Tao W.K.; Leung L.R.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	211
结束页码	229
卷号	54 期号:2020-01-02
英文摘要	In this paper, we have investigated the impact of radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interaction (RC3I) on structural changes and variability of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) using the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework, where cloud processes are super-parameterized, i.e., explicitly resolved with 2-D cloud resolving models embedded in each coarse grid of the host Goddard Earth Observing System-Version 5 global climate model. Experiments have been conducted under prescribed sea surface temperature conditions for 10 years (2007–2016), with and without cloud radiation feedback in the atmosphere, respectively. Diagnostic analyses separately for January and July show that RC3I leads to an enhanced and expanded Hadley Circulation characterized by (1) a quasi-uniform warming and moistening of the tropical atmosphere and a sharpening of the ITCZ with enhanced deep convection, more intense precipitation and higher clouds, (2) extended drying of the tropical marginal convective zones, and extratropical mid- to lower troposphere, and (3) a cooling of the polar regions, with increased baroclinicity and midlatitude storm track activities. Computations based on the zonal mean thermodynamic energy balance equation show that the radiative warming and cooling are strongly balanced by local adiabatic processes associated with changes in large-scale vertical motions, as well as horizontal atmospheric heat transport. In the tropics, enhanced short-wave absorption and longwave water vapor greenhouse effects by high clouds play key roles in providing strong positive feedback to the tropospheric warming. In the extratropics, increased atmospheric heat transport associated with changes in the Hadley circulation is balanced by strong longwave cooling above, and warming below due to increased high clouds. We also find a strong positive correlation between daily and pentad heavy rain in the ITCZ core, and expansion of the drier zones coupled to a contraction of the highly convective zones in the ITCZ, indicating a strong tendency RC3I-induced convective aggregation in tropical clouds i.e., wet-regions-get-wetter and contracted, and dry-areas-get-drier and expanded. © 2019, The Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	atmospheric circulation; atmospheric convection; atmospheric modeling; climate modeling; cloud radiative forcing; convective system; global climate; Hadley cell; intertropical convergence zone; sea surface temperature
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/145772
作者单位	Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 20740, United States; Climate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States; Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lau W.K.M.,Kim K.-M.,Chern J.-D.,等. Structural changes and variability of the ITCZ induced by radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interactions: inferences from the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework (GMMF) experiments[J],2020,54(2020-01-02).
APA	Lau W.K.M.,Kim K.-M.,Chern J.-D.,Tao W.K.,&Leung L.R..(2020).Structural changes and variability of the ITCZ induced by radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interactions: inferences from the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework (GMMF) experiments.Climate Dynamics,54(2020-01-02).
MLA	Lau W.K.M.,et al."Structural changes and variability of the ITCZ induced by radiation–cloud–convection–circulation interactions: inferences from the Goddard Multi-scale Modeling Framework (GMMF) experiments".Climate Dynamics 54.2020-01-02(2020).