气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya

CCPortal

DOI	10.1007/s00382-019-05080-w
	Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya
	Wang Y.; Yang K.; Zhou X.; Chen D.; Lu H.; Ouyang L.; Chen Y.; Lazhu; Wang B.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0930-7575
起始页码	1729
结束页码	1740
卷号	54
英文摘要	Current climate models often have significant wet biases in the Tibetan Plateau and encounter particular difficulties in representing the climatic effect of the Central Himalaya Mountain (CHM), where the gradient of elevation is extremely steep and the terrain is complex. Yet, there were few studies dealing with the issue in the high altitudes of this region. In order to improve climate modeling in this region, a network consisting of 14 rain gauges was set up at elevations > 2800 m above sea level along a CHM valley. Numerical experiments with Weather Research and Forecasting model were conducted to investigate the effects of meso- and micro-scale terrain on water vapor transport and precipitation. The control case uses a high horizontal resolution (0.03°) and a Turbulent Orographic Form Drag (TOFD) scheme to resolve the mesoscale terrain and to represent sub-grid microscale terrain effect. The effects of the horizontal resolution and the TOFD scheme were then analyzed through comparisons with sensitivity cases that either use a low horizontal resolution (0.09°) or switch off the TOFD scheme. The results show that the simulations with high horizontal resolution, even without the TOFD scheme, can not only increase the spatial consistency (correlation coefficient 0.84–0.92) between the observed and simulated precipitation, but also considerably reduce the wet bias by more than 250%. Adding the TOFD scheme further reduces the precipitation bias by 50% or so at almost all stations in the CHM. The TOFD scheme reduces precipitation intensity, especially heavy precipitation (> 10 mm h−1) over high altitudes of the CHM. Both high horizontal resolution and TOFD enhance the orographic drag to slow down wind; as a result, less water vapor is transported from lowland to the high altitudes of CHM, causing more precipitation at lowland area of the CHM and less at high altitudes of CHM. Therefore, in this highly terrain-complex region, it is crucial to use a high horizontal resolution to depict mesoscale complex terrain and a TOFD scheme to parameterize the drag caused by microscale complex terrain. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
英文关键词	Central Himalayas; High horizontal resolution; Meso- and micro-scale orographic effects; Precipitation and water vapor transport; TOFD
语种	英语
scopus关键词	climate modeling; complex terrain; computer simulation; drag; mesoscale meteorology; mountain region; orographic effect; parameterization; precipitation (climatology); precipitation intensity; raingauge; synergism; water vapor; weather forecasting; China; Himalayas; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
来源期刊	Climate Dynamics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/145598
作者单位	Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, 100084, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Regional Climate Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang Y.,Yang K.,Zhou X.,et al. Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya[J],2020,54.
APA	Wang Y..,Yang K..,Zhou X..,Chen D..,Lu H..,...&Wang B..(2020).Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya.Climate Dynamics,54.
MLA	Wang Y.,et al."Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya".Climate Dynamics 54(2020).