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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105326
	Regional pollution loading in winter months over India using high resolution WRF-Chem simulation
	Jat R.; Gurjar B.R.; Lowe D.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0169-8095
卷号	249
英文摘要	Air quality in India during the winter months is particularly bad, due to the meteorological conditions limiting dispersal of pollutants. However, investigations of this period using regional air quality models have, so far, been limited. Air quality simulations, using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model, at a high grid resolution of 12 km × 12 km, have been carried out for the 2015–16 winter period over the Indian subcontinent. Gas and aerosol chemistry are simulated using the CBM-Z and MOSAIC (4-bin) modules. Emissions from the EDGAR-HTAPv2.2 database are used, scaled to the simulation year based on changes in activity data for each Indian state, which increases national emissions of PM2.5, BC, OC, NOx, SO2 and NMVOCs by 2.6, 0.3, 0.5, 6, 13.5 and 3.6 Gg/day, respectively, in winter. Model performance was evaluated with respect to ground-based observations of PM2.5, CO, NO2 and O3 from available monitoring stations in the cities Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Agra, Lucknow, Patna, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Hyderabad. PM2.5 predictions at most of the monitoring cities fell within the excellent model performance criteria (Mean Fractional Bias range − 0.15 to 0.11). The NO2 concentrations were reproduced well by the model, with a Mean Fractional Bias range of −0.17 to 0.25. CO concentrations were generally underpredicted, but with relatively smaller biases over northern Indian cities. Ozone was reasonably reproduced at Delhi, but modelled day time peaks are much higher than observations in the other cities (~ 42–62%). Patterns of diurnal cycles of pollutants were found to be broadly similar for both observations and WRF-Chem predictions. The 24 h averaged PM2.5 mass loading over most Indian cities and states were found to exceed the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). PM2.5, CO and NO2 mass loadings were highest in northern and eastern India, particularly over the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Overall in this study, wintertime pollution loading in India is reproduced well by WRF-Chem. However, creating diurnal emission cycles based on local activity data, updated national emission inventories for recent years at higher resolution, and extra air quality monitoring stations, especially in rural areas, are needed to increase the accuracy and validation of model predictions, to better inform policy making. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Air quality; Emission scaling; Fine resolution; Mass loading; Ozone
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Air quality; Air quality standards; Atmospheric movements; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Weather forecasting; Air quality monitoring stations; Air quality simulation; Ground-based observations; Meteorological condition; National ambient air quality standards; National emission inventories; Regional air quality models; Weather research and forecasting; Loading; accuracy assessment; aerosol composition; air quality; atmospheric pollution; computer simulation; concentration (composition); emission inventory; ground-based measurement; model validation; numerical model; ozone; performance assessment; pollutant transport; pollution incidence; pollution monitoring; winter; India
来源期刊	Atmospheric Research
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/145221
作者单位	Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Jat R.,Gurjar B.R.,Lowe D.. Regional pollution loading in winter months over India using high resolution WRF-Chem simulation[J],2021,249.
APA	Jat R.,Gurjar B.R.,&Lowe D..(2021).Regional pollution loading in winter months over India using high resolution WRF-Chem simulation.Atmospheric Research,249.
MLA	Jat R.,et al."Regional pollution loading in winter months over India using high resolution WRF-Chem simulation".Atmospheric Research 249(2021).