气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: Insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations

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DOI	10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019
	Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: Insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations
	McCoy D.T.; Field P.R.; Elsaesser G.S.; Bodas-Salcedo A.; Kahn B.H.; Zelinka M.D.; Kodama C.; Mauritsen T.; Vanniere B.; Roberts M.; Vidale P.L.; Saint-Martin D.; Voldoire A.; Haarsma R.; Hill A.; Shipway B.; Wilkinson J.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	16807316
起始页码	1147
结束页码	1172
卷号	19 期号:2
英文摘要	A negative extratropical shortwave cloud feedback driven by changes in cloud optical depth is a feature of global climate models (GCMs). A robust positive trend in observed liquid water path (LWP) over the last two decades across the warming Southern Ocean supports the negative shortwave cloud feedback predicted by GCMs. This feature has been proposed to be due to transitions from ice to liquid with warming. To gain insight into the shortwave cloud feedback we examine extratropical cyclone variability and the response of extratropical cyclones to transient warming in GCM simulations. Multi-Sensor Advanced Climatology Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) microwave observations of cyclone properties from the period 1992-2015 are contrasted with GCM simulations, with horizontal resolutions ranging from 7 km to hundreds of kilometers. We find that inter-cyclone variability in LWP in both observations and models is strongly driven by the moisture flux along the cyclone's warm conveyor belt (WCB). Stronger WCB moisture flux enhances the LWP within cyclones. This relationship is replicated in GCMs, although its strength varies substantially across models. It is found that more than 80 % of the enhancement in Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical cyclone LWP in GCMs in response to a transient 4 K warming can be predicted based on the relationship between the WCB moisture flux and cyclone LWP in the historical climate and their change in moisture flux between the historical and warmed climates. Further, it is found that that the robust trend in cyclone LWP over the Southern Ocean in observations and GCMs is consistent with changes in the moisture flux. We propose two cloud feedbacks acting within extratropical cyclones: a negative feedback driven by Clausius-Clapeyron increasing water vapor path (WVP), which enhances the amount of water vapor available to be fluxed into the cyclone, and a feedback moderated by changes in the life cycle and vorticity of cyclones under warming, which changes the rate at which existing moisture is imported into the cyclone. Both terms contribute to increasing LWP within the cyclone. While changes in moisture flux predict cyclone LWP trends in the current climate and the majority of changes in LWP in transient warming simulations, a portion of the LWP increase in response to climate change that is unexplained by increasing moisture fluxes may be due to phase transitions. The variability in LWP within cyclone composites is examined to understand what cyclonic regimes the mixed-phase cloud feedback is relevant to. At a fixed WCB moisture flux cyclone LWP increases with increasing sea surface temperature (SST) in the half of the composite poleward of the low and decreases in the half equatorward of the low in both GCMs and observations. Cloud-top phase partitioning observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) indicates that phase transitions may be driving increases in LWP in the poleward half of cyclones. © Author(s) 2019.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	AIRS; climate feedback; climate modeling; cloud microphysics; computer simulation; extratropical cyclone; numerical model; optical depth; satellite data; shortwave radiation; Southern Ocean
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/144685
作者单位	Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Met Office, Fitzroy Rd, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Cloud Processes Research and Modeling Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan; Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; National Centre for Atmospheric Science-Climate, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), Météo-France/CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, Toulouse, 31057, France; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	McCoy D.T.,Field P.R.,Elsaesser G.S.,et al. Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: Insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations[J],2019,19(2).
APA	McCoy D.T..,Field P.R..,Elsaesser G.S..,Bodas-Salcedo A..,Kahn B.H..,...&Wilkinson J..(2019).Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: Insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,19(2).
MLA	McCoy D.T.,et al."Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: Insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19.2(2019).