气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Influence of cloud microphysical processes on black carbon wet removal; global distributions; and radiative forcing

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DOI	10.5194/acp-19-1587-2019
	Influence of cloud microphysical processes on black carbon wet removal; global distributions; and radiative forcing
	Xu J.; Zhang J.; Liu J.; Yi K.; Xiang S.; Hu X.; Wang Y.; Tao S.; Ban-Weiss G.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	16807316
起始页码	1587
结束页码	1603
卷号	19 期号:3
英文摘要	Parameterizations that impact wet removal of black carbon (BC) remain uncertain in global climate models. In this study, we enhance the default wet deposition scheme for BC in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to (a) add relevant physical processes that were not resolved in the default model and (b) facilitate understanding of the relative importance of various cloud processes on BC distributions. We find that the enhanced scheme greatly improves model performance against HIPPO observations relative to the default scheme. We find that convection scavenging, aerosol activation, ice nucleation, evaporation of rain or snow, and below-cloud scavenging dominate wet deposition of BC. BC conversion rates for processes related to in-cloud water-ice conversion (i.e., riming, the Bergeron process, and evaporation of cloud water sedimentation) are relatively smaller, but have large seasonal variations. We also conduct sensitivity simulations that turn off each cloud process one at a time to quantify the influence of cloud processes on BC distributions and radiative forcing. Convective scavenging is found to have the largest impact on BC concentrations at mid-altitudes over the tropics and even globally. In addition, BC is sensitive to all cloud processes over the Northern Hemisphere at high latitudes. As for BC vertical distributions, convective scavenging greatly influences BC fractions at different altitudes. Suppressing BC droplet activation in clouds mainly decreases the fraction of column BC below 5 km, whereas suppressing BC ice nucleation increases that above 10 km. During wintertime, the Bergeron process also significantly increases BC concentrations at lower altitudes over the Arctic. Our simulation yields a global BC burden of 85 Gg; corresponding direct radiative forcing (DRF) of BC estimated using the Parallel Offline Radiative Transfer (PORT) is 0.13 W m -2 , much lower than previous studies. The range of DRF derived from sensitivity simulations is large, 0.09-0.33 W m -2 , corresponding to BC burdens varying from 73 to 151 Gg. Due to differences in BC vertical distributions among each sensitivity simulation, fractional changes in DRF (relative to the baseline simulation) are always higher than fractional changes in BC burdens; this occurs because relocating BC in the vertical influences the radiative forcing per BC mass. Our results highlight the influences of cloud microphysical processes on BC concentrations and radiative forcing. © 2019 Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	black carbon; cloud microphysics; Northern Hemisphere; radiative forcing; seasonal variation; vertical distribution; wet deposition
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/144661
作者单位	Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Xu J.,Zhang J.,Liu J.,et al. Influence of cloud microphysical processes on black carbon wet removal; global distributions; and radiative forcing[J],2019,19(3).
APA	Xu J..,Zhang J..,Liu J..,Yi K..,Xiang S..,...&Ban-Weiss G..(2019).Influence of cloud microphysical processes on black carbon wet removal; global distributions; and radiative forcing.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,19(3).
MLA	Xu J.,et al."Influence of cloud microphysical processes on black carbon wet removal; global distributions; and radiative forcing".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19.3(2019).