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DOI	10.5194/acp-19-10675-2019
	Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila; Philippines
	Cruz M.T.; Bañaga P.A.; Bañaga P.A.; Betito G.; Braun R.A.; Stahl C.; Aghdam M.A.; Obiminda Cambaliza M.; Dadashazar H.; Hilario M.R.; Lorenzo G.R.; Ma L.; MacDonald A.B.; Pabroa P.C.; Yee J.R.; Simpas J.B.; Sorooshian A.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	16807316
起始页码	10675
结束页码	10696
卷号	19 期号:16
英文摘要	This paper presents novel results from sizeresolved particulate matter (PM) mass, composition, and morphology measurements conducted during the 2018 southwest monsoon (SWM) season in Metro Manila, Philippines. Micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDIs) were used to collect PM sample sets composed of sizeresolved measurements at the following aerodynamic cutpoint diameters (Dp): 18, 10, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0, 0.56, 0.32, 0.18, 0.10, and 0.056 μm. Each sample set was analyzed for composition of the water-soluble fraction. Analysis for mass was carried out on two sample sets, whereas black carbon (BC) and morphology analysis were analyzed on a single sample set. The bulk of the PM mass was between 0.18 and 1.0 μm with a dominant mode between 0.32 and 0.56 μm. Similarly, most of the black carbon (BC) mass was found between 0.10 and 1.0 μm, peaking between 0.18 and 0.32 μm. These peaks are located in the Greenfield gap, or the size range between 0.10 and 1.0 μm, where wet scavenging by rain is relatively inefficient. In the range between 0.10 and 0.18 μm, BC constituted 78.1 % of the measured mass. Comparable contributions of BC (26.9 %) and the water-soluble fraction (33.4 %) to total PM were observed and most of the unresolved mass, which amounted to 39.6 % in total, was for diameters exceeding 0.32 μm. The water-soluble ions and elements exhibited an average combined concentration of 8.53 μg m-3, with SO24-, NHC4, NO-3, NaC, and Cl-as the major contributors. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify the possible aerosol sources and estimate their contribution to the water-soluble fraction of collected PM. The factor with the highest contribution was attributed to "aged aerosol" (48.0 %), while "sea salt" (22.5 %) and "combustion" emissions (18.7 %) had comparable contributions. "Vehicular/resuspended dust" (5.6 %) and "waste processing" emissions (5.1 %) were also identified. Microscopy analysis highlighted the ubiquity of nonspherical particles regardless of size, which is significant when considering calculations of parameters such as single scattering albedo, the asymmetry parameter, and the extinction efficiency. The significant influence from aged aerosol to Metro Manila during the SWM season indicates that local sources in this megacity do not fully govern this coastal area's aerosol properties. The fact that the majority of the regional aerosol mass burden is accounted for by BC and other insoluble components has important downstream effects on the aerosol hygroscopic properties, which depend on composition. The results are relevant for understanding the impacts of monsoonal features on size-resolved aerosol properties, notably aqueous processing and wet scavenging. Finally, the results of this work provide contextual data for future sampling campaigns in Southeast Asia such as the airborne component of the Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) planned for the SWM season in 2019. © 2019 The Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aerosol composition; aerosol property; air quality; atmospheric pollution; black carbon; carbon emission; monsoon; particulate matter; National Capital Region; Philippines
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/144199
作者单位	Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines; Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines; Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines; Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Cruz M.T.,Bañaga P.A.,Bañaga P.A.,et al. Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila; Philippines[J],2019,19(16).
APA	Cruz M.T..,Bañaga P.A..,Bañaga P.A..,Betito G..,Braun R.A..,...&Sorooshian A..(2019).Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila; Philippines.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,19(16).
MLA	Cruz M.T.,et al."Size-resolved composition and morphology of particulate matter during the southwest monsoon in Metro Manila; Philippines".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19.16(2019).