气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Increased melting level height impacts surface precipitation phase and intensity

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DOI	10.1038/s41558-020-0825-x
	Increased melting level height impacts surface precipitation phase and intensity
	Prein A.F.; Heymsfield A.J.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1758-678X
起始页码	771
结束页码	776
卷号	10 期号:8
英文摘要	The global near-surface temperature increased by ~0.155 K per decade during 1979–2012, which resulted in decreasing snow and increasing rain events, retreating mountain glaciers and more frequent and intense rainfall extremes. Although surface temperature increases are well studied, less attention is given to the associated changes in the tropospheric thermal structure, such as melting level height, which affects cloud microphysics and surface precipitation. Here we use observations and reanalyses to show that the melting level height increased by 32 ± 14 m per decade over global land areas during 1979–2010, consistent with a warming atmosphere. This causes a transition from snow to rain, the enhanced melting of hail and an increased depth of warm cloud layers (cloud base to melting level distance). Warm cloud layers with a depth beyond ~3.5 km result in an intensification of extreme precipitation at twice the rate of the atmospheric moisture increases. Days with such environments increased by 25% per decade in populated regions, such as the eastern United States. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	atmospheric moisture; climate change; cloud microphysics; decadal variation; extreme event; glacier dynamics; melting; mountain; precipitation intensity; troposphere; United States
来源期刊	Nature Climate Change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/142171
作者单位	National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Prein A.F.,Heymsfield A.J.. Increased melting level height impacts surface precipitation phase and intensity[J],2020,10(8).
APA	Prein A.F.,&Heymsfield A.J..(2020).Increased melting level height impacts surface precipitation phase and intensity.Nature Climate Change,10(8).
MLA	Prein A.F.,et al."Increased melting level height impacts surface precipitation phase and intensity".Nature Climate Change 10.8(2020).