气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Surface temperature response to regional black carbon emissions: Do location and magnitude matter-

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DOI	10.5194/acp-20-3079-2020
	Surface temperature response to regional black carbon emissions: Do location and magnitude matter-
	Sand M.; Berntsen T.K.; Ekman A.M.L.; Lewinschal A.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	3079
结束页码	3089
卷号	20 期号:5
英文摘要	Aerosol radiative forcing can influence climate both locally and far outside the emission region. Here we investigate black carbon (BC) aerosols emitted in four major emission areas and evaluate the importance of emission location and magnitude as well as the concept of the absolute regional temperature-change potentials (ARTP). We perform simulations with a climate model (NorESM) with a fully coupled ocean and with fixed sea surface temperatures. BC emissions for year 2000 are increased by factors of 10 and 20 in South Asia, North America, and Europe, respectively, and by 5 and 10 in East Asia (due to higher emissions there). The perturbed simulations and a reference simulation are run for 100 years with three ensemble members each. We find strikingly similar regional surface temperature responses and geographical patterns per unit BC emission in Europe and North America but somewhat lower temperature sensitivities for East Asian emissions. BC emitted in South Asia shows a different geographical pattern in surface temperatures, by changing the Indian monsoon and cooling the surface. We find that the ARTP approach rather accurately reproduces the fully coupled temperature response of NorESM. Choosing the highest emission rate results in lower surface temperature change per emission unit compared to the lowest rate, but the difference is generally not statistically significant except for the Arctic. An advantage of high-perturbation simulations is the clearer emergence of regional signals. Our results show that the linearity of normalized temperature effects of BC is fairly well preserved despite the relatively large perturbations but that regional temperature coefficients calculated from high perturbations may be a conservative estimate. Regardless of emission region, BC causes a northward shift of the ITCZ, and this shift is apparent both with a fully coupled ocean and with fixed sea surface temperatures. For these regional BC emission perturbations, we find that the effective radiative forcing is not a good measure of the climate response. A limitation of this study is the uncertainties in BC-cloud interactions and the amount of BC absorption, both of which are model dependent. © 2020 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	accuracy assessment; aerosol; black carbon; climate effect; climate modeling; emission inventory; radiative forcing; sea surface temperature; surface temperature; temperature effect; Europe; Far East; North America; South Asia
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/141478
作者单位	CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Sand M.,Berntsen T.K.,Ekman A.M.L.,et al. Surface temperature response to regional black carbon emissions: Do location and magnitude matter-[J],2020,20(5).
APA	Sand M.,Berntsen T.K.,Ekman A.M.L.,&Lewinschal A..(2020).Surface temperature response to regional black carbon emissions: Do location and magnitude matter-.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,20(5).
MLA	Sand M.,et al."Surface temperature response to regional black carbon emissions: Do location and magnitude matter-".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20.5(2020).