气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest

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DOI	10.5194/acp-20-3683-2020
	Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest
	Chen J.; Dietrich F.; Maazallahi H.; Forstmaier A.; Winkler D.; Hofmann M.E.G.; Van Der Gon H.D.; Röckmann T.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	3683
结束页码	3696
卷号	20 期号:6
英文摘要	This study presents the first investigation of the methane (CH4) emissions of a large festival. Munich Oktoberfest, the world's largest folk festival, is a potential source of CH4 as a large amount of natural gas for cooking and heating is used. In 2018 we measured the CH4 emissions of Oktoberfest using in situ measurements combined with a Gaussian plume dispersion model. Measurements were taken while walking and biking around the perimeter of the Oktoberfest premises (Theresienwiese) at different times of the day, during the week and at the weekend. The measurements showed enhancements of up to 100 ppb compared to background values and measurements after Oktoberfest. The average emission flux of Oktoberfest is determined as (6:7 ± 0:6) μ g.m2 s/-1. Additional analyses, including the daily emission cycle and comparisons between emissions and the number of visitors, suggest that CH4 emissions of Oktoberfest are not due solely to the human biogenic emissions. Instead, fossil fuel CH4 emissions, such as incomplete combustion or loss in the gas appliances, appear to be the major contributors to Oktoberfest emissions. Our results can help to develop CH4 reduction policies and measures to reduce emissions at festivals and other major events in cities. Furthermore, events with a limited duration have not yet been included in the state-of-the-art emission inventories, such as TNO-MACC, EDGAR or IER. Our investigations show that these emissions are not negligible. Therefore, these events should be included in future emission inventories. © 2020 Author(s).
语种	英语
scopus关键词	emission inventory; festival; measurement method; methane; natural gas; Bavaria; Germany; Munich
来源期刊	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/141446
作者单位	Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Picarro B.V., 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands; Climate Air and Sustainability, TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chen J.,Dietrich F.,Maazallahi H.,et al. Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest[J],2020,20(6).
APA	Chen J..,Dietrich F..,Maazallahi H..,Forstmaier A..,Winkler D..,...&Röckmann T..(2020).Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,20(6).
MLA	Chen J.,et al."Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest".Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20.6(2020).