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| DOI | 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117879 |
| Density and growth of forest stands revisited. Effect of the temporal scale of observation, site quality, and thinning | |
| Pretzsch H. | |
| 发表日期 | 2020 |
| ISSN | 0378-1127 |
| 卷号 | 460 |
| 英文摘要 | Many current stand management guidelines propose low initial stand densities and strong density reductions in order to lower the costs of stand establishment, to accelerate stand growth and promote the diameter growth of selected future crop trees. The long-term effects of density reductions on growth and yield, however, are often neglected; they remain open for debate due to a lack of empirical evidence. Here we examine 22 thinning experiments in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) located in Germany with 127 plots and 1209 full stand measurements to revisit the density-growth relationship. These experiments cover both short- and long-term growth reactions to thinning since their establishment in 1882. First, we show the temporarily unimodal optimum relationship between periodical increment and stand density; and how it results in a saturation curve between stand yield and stand density in the long term. We particularly highlight how the effect of stand density reductions on growth reduces across stand development. Second, we show the dependency of total yield on the thinning (kind, severity and intensity of thinning) and site quality. Over time, unthinned stands achieve the highest total yield of stem wood. Thinning causes severe growth losses, especially on rich sites and through thinning from below; e.g. on top sites a continuous density reduction by thinning from below to 50% of the maximum density reduced the total yield by 26% or 670 m3 ha−1 till the age of 100 years. Third, we demonstrate that the effect of thinning on the diameter of dominant trees is strongest on rich sites and similar when thinned from above or below. Over time, accelerating diameter growth incurs a high cost in terms of stand yield. Finally, we examine the relevance of our results to population ecology and production economy. We discuss the superior yield after thinning from above, the tradeoff between tree diameter growth acceleration and yield, and the relevance of long-term experiments and their impact on silvicultural prescriptions. © 2020 The Author |
| 关键词 | Plants (botany)AllometricsDiameter growthGrowth lossLong-term experimentsNorway spruceShort termThinning responseForestrycrop plantcrop yieldforest ecosystemgrowthmanagement practiceobservational methodpopulation ecologysilviculturesite selectionstand structuretreeDiameterExperimentationForestryGrowthPicea AbiesStand DensityThinningYieldGermanyPicea abies |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 来源机构 | Forest Ecology and Management |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/132993 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Pretzsch H.. Density and growth of forest stands revisited. Effect of the temporal scale of observation, site quality, and thinning[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2020,460. |
| APA | Pretzsch H..(2020).Density and growth of forest stands revisited. Effect of the temporal scale of observation, site quality, and thinning.,460. |
| MLA | Pretzsch H.."Density and growth of forest stands revisited. Effect of the temporal scale of observation, site quality, and thinning".460(2020). |
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