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DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118333
	How long does the Amazon rainforest take to grow commercially sized trees? An estimation methodology for Manilkara elata (Allemão ex Miq.) Monach
	Ferreira T.M.C.; de Carvalho J.O.P.; Emmert F.; Ruschel A.R.; Nascimento R.G.M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0378-1127
卷号	473
英文摘要	It is important to know the growth rate of the species to be managed to establish sustainable forest management plans because from this information, it is possible to know which species have reached the minimum commercial size to be collected in future harvests. Manilkara elata (Allemão ex Miq.) Monach is considered one of the most commercialized timber tree species, both inside and outside of Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to model the growth rate and the time required for the trees of this species to reach the minimum cutting diameter defined by the current Brazilian legislation; the analysis was based on the adapted Weibull function with data from 31 years of monitoring in the National Forest of Brazil in Tapajós, Pará, Amazon, Brazil. Three models were proposed to estimate (i) the annual periodic increase in diameter (API), (ii) the future diameter (df) and (iii) the time period in years (t) that each tree would need to reach a future diameter according to the average growth rate of the target species and its forest community. Taken together, the data from the managed and unmanaged areas showed no statistically significant differences between the values observed and estimated by the proposed model when assessed with the Graybill F test. The adapted Weibull model performed well when estimating the annual periodic increment and future tree diameter of the M. elata population. Based on the diameter growth rate, the 5 cm diameter M. elata trees would require 601–781 years to reach the minimum commercial diameter of 50 cm, but the 40–49.9 cm diameter trees that are considered stock for the next harvest would take an average of 20 years to reach this commercial diameter. As the estimated average growth time is shorter than the cutting cycle prescribed by the legislation (25–35 years), it is recommended that forestry treatments that favor longer survival of M. elata individuals be adopted to achieve greater continuous production by primarily considering the long period that young individuals need to reach the cutting diameter. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
关键词	Timber Weibull distribution Amazon rain forest Average growth rate Continuous production Estimation methodologies Forest community Statistically significant difference Sustainable forest management Weibull functions Forestry commercialization deciduous forest diameter estimation method forest ecosystem forest management forestry forestry production growth rate rainforest timber harvesting Weibull theory Brazil Cutting Diameter Forestry Growth Rate Statistical Distribution Sustainable Forest Management Trees Amazonas [Brazil]Brazil Para [Brazil]Santarem [Para]Manilkara
语种	英语
来源机构	Forest Ecology and Management
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/132690
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ferreira T.M.C.,de Carvalho J.O.P.,Emmert F.,et al. How long does the Amazon rainforest take to grow commercially sized trees? An estimation methodology for Manilkara elata (Allemão ex Miq.) Monach[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2020,473.
APA	Ferreira T.M.C.,de Carvalho J.O.P.,Emmert F.,Ruschel A.R.,&Nascimento R.G.M..(2020).How long does the Amazon rainforest take to grow commercially sized trees? An estimation methodology for Manilkara elata (Allemão ex Miq.) Monach.,473.
MLA	Ferreira T.M.C.,et al."How long does the Amazon rainforest take to grow commercially sized trees? An estimation methodology for Manilkara elata (Allemão ex Miq.) Monach".473(2020).