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| DOI | 10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060212 |
| Supraglacial streams and rivers | |
| Pitcher L.H.; Smith L.C. | |
| 发表日期 | 2019 |
| ISSN | 0084-6597 |
| 起始页码 | 421 |
| 结束页码 | 452 |
| 卷号 | 47 |
| 英文摘要 | Supraglacial meltwater channels that flow on the surfaces of glaciers, ice sheets, and ice shelves connect ice surface climatology with subglacial processes, ice dynamics, and eustatic sea level changes. Their important role in transferring water and heat across and into ice is currently absent from models of surface mass balance and runoff contributions to global sea level rise. Furthermore, relatively little is known about the genesis, evolution, hydrology, hydraulics, and morphology of supraglacial rivers, and a first synthesis and review of published research on these unusual features is lacking. To that end, we review their (a) known geographical distribution; (b) formation, morphology, and sediment transport processes; (c) hydrology and hydraulics; and (d) impact on ice sheet surface energy balance, heat exchange, basal conditions, and ice shelf stability. We conclude with a synthesis of key knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for future research. ▪ Supraglacial streams and rivers transfer water and heat on glaciers, connecting climate with subglacial hydrology, ice sliding, and global sea level. ▪ Ice surface melting may expand under a warming climate, darkening the ice surface and further increasing melt. © 2019 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved. |
| 关键词 | Geographical distributionGlacial geologyGlaciersHydraulicsMorphologyRiversSea levelSediment transportFluvial hydraulicsFluvial morphologyGlacier hydrologymeltwater channelsupraglacial streamSurface mass balanceIcefluvial geomorphologyglacier mass balanceice sheetice shelfmeltwaterriver channelriver systemsea level changestreamsubglacial environment |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 来源机构 | Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/131927 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Pitcher L.H.,Smith L.C.. Supraglacial streams and rivers[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2019,47. |
| APA | Pitcher L.H.,&Smith L.C..(2019).Supraglacial streams and rivers.,47. |
| MLA | Pitcher L.H.,et al."Supraglacial streams and rivers".47(2019). |
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