气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The State of Stress on the Fault Before, During, and after a Major Earthquake

CCPortal

DOI	10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060507
	The State of Stress on the Fault Before, During, and after a Major Earthquake
	Brodsky E.E.; Mori J.J.; Anderson L.; Chester F.M.; Conin M.; Dunham E.M.; Eguchi N.; Fulton P.M.; Hino R.; Hirose T.; Ikari M.J.; Ishikawa T.; Jeppson T.; Kano Y.; Kirkpatrick J.; Kodaira S.; Lin W.; Nakamura Y.; Rabinowitz H.S.; Regalla C.; Remitti F.; Rowe C.; Saffer D.M.; Saito S.; Sample J.; Sanada Y.; Savage H.M.; Sun T.; Toczko S.; Ujiie K.; Wolfson-Schwehr M.; Yang T.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0084-6597
起始页码	49
结束页码	74
卷号	48
英文摘要	Earthquakes occur by overcoming fault friction; therefore, quantifying fault resistance is central to earthquake physics. Values for both static and dynamic friction are required, and the latter is especially difficult to determine on natural faults. However, large earthquakes provide signals that can determine friction in situ. The Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (JFAST), an Integrated Ocean Discovery Program expedition, determined stresses by collecting data directly from the fault 1-2 years after the 2011 Mbinfweinf 9.1 Tohoku earthquake. Geological, rheological, and geophysical data record stress before, during, and after the earthquake. Together, the observations imply that the shear strength during the earthquake was substantially below that predicted by the traditional Byerlee's law. Locally the stress drop appears near total, and stress reversal is plausible. Most solutions to the energy balance require off-fault deformation to account for dissipation during rupture. These observations make extreme coseismic weakening the preferred model for fault behavior. Determining the friction during an earthquake is required to understand when and where earthquakes occur. Drilling into the Tohoku fault showed that friction during the earthquake was low. Dynamic friction during the earthquake was lower than static friction. Complete stress drop is possible, and stress reversal is plausible. © Copyright 2020 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
关键词	Drops Earthquakes Infill drilling Stiction Drilling projects Dynamic friction Earthquake physics Fault resistances Geophysical data Large earthquakes State of stress Tohoku earthquakes Faulting coseismic process earthquake extreme event fault project assessment Tohoku earthquake 2011
语种	英语
来源机构	Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/131918
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Brodsky E.E.,Mori J.J.,Anderson L.,et al. The State of Stress on the Fault Before, During, and after a Major Earthquake[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2020,48.
APA	Brodsky E.E..,Mori J.J..,Anderson L..,Chester F.M..,Conin M..,...&Yang T..(2020).The State of Stress on the Fault Before, During, and after a Major Earthquake.,48.
MLA	Brodsky E.E.,et al."The State of Stress on the Fault Before, During, and after a Major Earthquake".48(2020).