气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Splendid Innovation: The Extinct South American Native Ungulates

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DOI	10.1146/annurev-earth-072619-060126
	Splendid Innovation: The Extinct South American Native Ungulates
	Croft D.A.; Gelfo J.N.; López G.M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0084-6597
起始页码	259
结束页码	290
卷号	48
英文摘要	A remarkable diversity of plant-eating mammals known as South American native ungulates (SANUs) flourished in South America for most of the Cenozoic. Although some of these species likely filled ecological niches similar to those of modern hoofed mammals, others differed substantially from extant artiodactyls and perissodactyls in their skull and limb anatomy and probably also in their ecology. Notoungulates and litopterns were the longest-lived and most diverse SANU clades and survived into the Quaternary; astrapotheres went extinct in the late Miocene, whereas other SANU groups were restricted to the Paleogene. Neogene notoungulates were quite specialized in craniodental structure, but many were rather unspecialized postcranially; in contrast, litopterns evolved limb specializations early in their history while maintaining more conservative dentitions. In this article, we review the current understanding of SANU evolutionary relationships and paleoecology, provide an updated compilation of genus temporal ranges, and discuss possible directions for future research. squf South American native ungulates (SANUs) were a diverse, long-lived, and independent radiation of mammals into varied terrestrial plant-eater niches. We review origins, evolution, and paleoecology of the major SANU clades: Notoungulata, Litopterna, Astrapotheria, Xenungulata, and Pyrotheria. At their peak, during the Eocene and Oligocene, more than 40 genera of native ungulates inhabited South America at any one time. SANUs ranged from 1 kg to several tons and evolved many combinations of diet and locomotor adaptations not seen in living ungulates. © Copyright 2020 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
关键词	Mammals Ecological niche Evolutionary relationships Late Miocene Neo genes Paleoecology Paleogene South America Terrestrial plants Ecology anatomy Cenozoic extinction Miocene native species niche paleoecology Paleogene Quaternary ungulate South America Artiodactyla Astrapotheria Litopterna Mammalia Notoungulata Pyrotheria Ungulata Xenungulata
语种	英语
来源机构	Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/131910
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Croft D.A.,Gelfo J.N.,López G.M.. Splendid Innovation: The Extinct South American Native Ungulates[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2020,48.
APA	Croft D.A.,Gelfo J.N.,&López G.M..(2020).Splendid Innovation: The Extinct South American Native Ungulates.,48.
MLA	Croft D.A.,et al."Splendid Innovation: The Extinct South American Native Ungulates".48(2020).