气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Rapid drinking water safety estimation in cities: Piloting a globally scalable method in Cochabamba, Bolivia

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DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.119
	Rapid drinking water safety estimation in cities: Piloting a globally scalable method in Cochabamba, Bolivia
	Rocha-Melogno L.; Yoo R.; Broesicke O.; Kallergis A.; Garcia J.; Herbas E.; Torrez-Daza A.; Johnson A.; Boey D.; Beard V.; Frisbie S.H.; Murcott S.; Brown J.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	489697
起始页码	1132
结束页码	1145
卷号	654
英文摘要	Background: Systematically collected and comparable data on drinking water safety at city-scale is currently unavailable, despite the stated importance of water safety monitoring at scale under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We developed a rapid drinking water quality assessment methodology intended to be replicable across all cities and useful for monitoring towards achieving SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). Methods: We collected drinking water samples at the point-of-consumption for basic microbial, physical and chemical water quality analysis and conducted household surveys on drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene access from 80 households in the city of Cochabamba over 1 week. We categorized the household's water service level according to the SDG 6 framework. Results: We estimated an average time requirement of 6.4 person-hours and a consumable cost of US $51 per household (n = 80). In this cross-sectional study, 71% of drinking water samples met World Health Organization (WHO) microbiological safety criteria, 96% met WHO chemical quality criteria, and all met WHO aesthetic quality criteria. However, only 18% of the households were categorized as having safely managed drinking water services. None met the criteria for having safely managed sanitation services; nonetheless, 81% had basic sanitation services and 78% had basic hygiene facilities. Conclusions: This method can generate basic water safety data for a city at a relatively low cost in terms of person-time and materials, yielding useful information for inter-city analyses. Because 29% of samples did not meet microbiological safety criteria, 22% of the households did not have access to handwashing facilities and none had safe sanitation services, we concluded that Cochabamba did not meet normative SDG 6 targets when surveyed. Our study further suggests that water quality at point-of-use more accurately characterizes drinking water safety than infrastructure type. © 2018
英文关键词	Peri-urban; Rapid assessment; SDG 6; Urban; Water quality
scopus关键词	Chemical analysis; Cost benefit analysis; Sanitation; Scalability; Surveys; Water quality; Cross-sectional study; Drinking water samples; Microbiological safety; Peri-urban; Rapid assessment; SDG 6; Urban; World Health Organization; Potable water; drinking water; drinking water; assessment method; drinking water; estimation method; periurban area; sustainable development; water quality; Article; Bolivia; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; cross-sectional study; environmental monitoring; environmental sanitation; fluid intake; hand washing; household; human; hygiene; microbiological examination; pilot study; priority journal; risk assessment; urban area; water analysis; water quality; water sampling; water supply; city; hand disinfection; microbiology; procedures; rural population; sanitation; socioeconomics; standards; statistics and numerical data; water supply; Bolivia; Bolivia; Cities; Drinking Water; Environmental Monitoring; Hand Disinfection; Humans; Hygiene; Rural Population; Sanitation; Socioeconomic Factors; Water Quality; Water Supply
来源期刊	Science of the Total Environment
来源机构	世界资源研究所
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/125956
作者单位	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, NY, United States; Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”, Cochabamba, Bolivia; World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, United States; D-Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Rocha-Melogno L.,Yoo R.,Broesicke O.,et al. Rapid drinking water safety estimation in cities: Piloting a globally scalable method in Cochabamba, Bolivia[J]. 世界资源研究所,2019,654.
APA	Rocha-Melogno L..,Yoo R..,Broesicke O..,Kallergis A..,Garcia J..,...&Brown J..(2019).Rapid drinking water safety estimation in cities: Piloting a globally scalable method in Cochabamba, Bolivia.Science of the Total Environment,654.
MLA	Rocha-Melogno L.,et al."Rapid drinking water safety estimation in cities: Piloting a globally scalable method in Cochabamba, Bolivia".Science of the Total Environment 654(2019).