Climate Change Data Portal
| Tracking Holocene genetic diversity of Swiss mountain forests using ancient DNA | |
| 项目编号 | 200021_188472 |
| Schwörer Christoph | |
| 项目主持机构 | University of Berne - BE |
| 开始日期 | 2020-03-01 |
| 结束日期 | 2024-02-29 |
| 中文摘要 | Climate change forces plant populations to adjust their distribution to stay in their potential climatic niche, adapt to the novel climatic conditions, or suffer population declines and - in the worst case - extinction. Long-term records are needed to understand how climate change affects long-lived organisms such as trees, and to develop management strategies to maintain ecosystem services. Understanding the responses of populations, species and communities to global warming, in order to make reliable future projections, is one of the major challenges of Environmental Sciences. To study past climate-driven range shifts and their effects on genetic diversity and the adaptive potential of trees, I propose a novel, holistic approach that combines established palaeoecological methods with the analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) and dynamic vegetation modelling. The project focuses on the effects of past climatic and anthropogenic disturbances on four key tree species of Swiss mountain forests, i.e. Abies alba, Larix decidua, Picea abies and Pinus cembra. I will specifically test palaeoecologically-inferred recolonization pathways in response to rapid and repeated temperature increases from the end of the last Ice Age to the Holocene warm period, by extracting and analysing aDNA from subfossil plant remains of the first populations that established around two lakes in the Swiss Alps. In order to find out if trees were able to adapt to climatic changes in the past, I will track adaptive and neutral genetic diversity through the Holocene by analyzing aDNA from time periods with marked demographic changes of the four focal species. I will also sample present-day tree populations, to link the aDNA genotypes with current genetic variation and identify cryptic lineages. The basis of this ambitious project will be the analysis of pollen, macrofossils and charcoal deposited in lake sediment archives to reconstruct local to regional vegetation and fire dynamics with high chronological precision and resolution. We will combine these palaeoecological analyses with a spatially explicit dynamic vegetation model (LANDCLIM) to disentangle different forcing factors (i.e climate and anthropogenic land-use), test hypotheses regarding past demographic changes and simulate future vegetation dynamics under different climate and land-use scenarios. Our aims are to 1) reconstruct demographic changes of four key tree species in the Swiss Alps in response to climatic forcing and anthropogenic disturbance over the Holocene; 2) test hypotheses regarding past recolonization pathways after the end of the Ice Age; 3) infer changes in the neutral genetic variability due to population genetic processes; 4) quantify changes in the allele frequency of putative adaptive alleles in response to climatic or anthropogenic disturbance that would indicate genetic adaptation to environmental stressors; 5) compare the reconstructed changes in forest composition with simulations from a dynamic vegetation model to disentangle drivers of vegetation dynamics and make detailed projection about the future of Swiss mountain forests under climate change; 6) validate population genetic models in time using key results from the genetic analyses and simulate future changes in genetic diversity under different climate change and land-use scenarios. What sets this project apart is the combination of cutting-edge molecular methods with established and tested palaeoecological approaches. The project has the potential to open up new research avenues in palaeoecology and population genetics. The ultimate goal of this project is to assess the impact of future global change on mountain forests in the Swiss Alps, from the genetic to the landscape scale. This will help ecosystem managers and conservation biologists to protect multi-level biodiversity and maintain fragile alpine ecosystems and their services for future generations. |
| 英文关键词 | evolution; host shift; local adaptation ; pollinators ; invasive species; tripartite network; virus ; global change; bees |
| 学科分类 | 10 - 材料科学 |
| 资助机构 | CH-SNSF |
| 项目经费 | 443239 |
| 项目类型 | Project funding |
| 国家 | CH |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/125577 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Schwörer Christoph.Tracking Holocene genetic diversity of Swiss mountain forests using ancient DNA.2020. |
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