气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Magma fragmentation in highly explosive basaltic eruptions induced by rapid crystallization

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DOI	10.1038/s41561-019-0468-6
	Magma fragmentation in highly explosive basaltic eruptions induced by rapid crystallization
	Arzilli F.; La Spina G.; Burton M.R.; Polacci M.; Le Gall N.; Hartley M.E.; Di Genova D.; Cai B.; Vo N.T.; Bamber E.C.; Nonni S.; Atwood R.; Llewellin E.W.; Brooker R.A.; Mader H.M.; Lee P.D.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	17520894
卷号	12 期号:12
英文摘要	Basaltic eruptions are the most common form of volcanism on Earth and planetary bodies. The low viscosity of basaltic magmas inhibits fragmentation, which favours effusive and lava-fountaining activity, yet highly explosive, hazardous basaltic eruptions occur. The processes that promote fragmentation of basaltic magma remain unclear and are subject to debate. Here we used a numerical conduit model to show that a rapid magma ascent during explosive eruptions produces a large undercooling. In situ experiments revealed that undercooling drives exceptionally rapid (in minutes) crystallization, which induces a step change in viscosity that triggers magma fragmentation. The experimentally produced textures are consistent with basaltic Plinian eruption products. We applied a numerical model to investigate basaltic magma fragmentation over a wide parameter space and found that all basaltic volcanoes have the potential to produce highly explosive eruptions. The critical requirements are initial magma temperatures lower than 1,100 °C to reach a syn-eruptive crystal content of over 30 vol%, and thus a magma viscosity around 105 Pa s, which our results suggest is the minimum viscosity required for the fragmentation of fast ascending basaltic magmas. These temperature, crystal content and viscosity requirements reveal how typically effusive basaltic volcanoes can produce unexpected highly explosive and hazardous eruptions. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	basalt; crystallization; fragmentation; magma; numerical model; viscosity; volcanic eruption; volcanism
来源期刊	Nature Geoscience
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/124558
作者单位	Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Arzilli F.,La Spina G.,Burton M.R.,et al. Magma fragmentation in highly explosive basaltic eruptions induced by rapid crystallization[J],2019,12(12).
APA	Arzilli F..,La Spina G..,Burton M.R..,Polacci M..,Le Gall N..,...&Lee P.D..(2019).Magma fragmentation in highly explosive basaltic eruptions induced by rapid crystallization.Nature Geoscience,12(12).
MLA	Arzilli F.,et al."Magma fragmentation in highly explosive basaltic eruptions induced by rapid crystallization".Nature Geoscience 12.12(2019).