气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Local characteristics of and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in four indian megacities

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DOI	10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100052
	Local characteristics of and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in four indian megacities
	Chen Y.; Wild O.; Conibear L.; Ran L.; He J.; Wang L.; Wang Y.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	25901621
卷号	5
英文摘要	Public health in India is gravely threatened by severe PM2.5 exposure. This study presents an analysis of long-term PM2.5 exposure in four Indian megacities (Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad and Mumbai) based on in-situ observations during 2015–2018, and quantifies the health risks of short-term exposure during Diwali Fest (usually lasting for ~5 days in October or November and celebrating with lots of fireworks) in Delhi for the first time. The population-weighted annual-mean PM2.5 across the four cities was 72 μg/m3, ~3.5 times the global level of 20 μg/m3 and 1.8 times the annual criterion defined in the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Delhi suffers the worst air quality among the four cities, with citizens exposed to ‘severely polluted’ air for 10% of the time and to unhealthy conditions for 70% of the time. Across the four cities, long-term PM2.5 exposure caused about 28,000 (95% confidence interval: 17,200–39,400) premature mortality and 670,000 (428,900–935,200) years of life lost each year. During Diwali Fest in Delhi, average PM2.5 increased by ~75% and hourly concentrations reached 1676 μg/m3. These high pollutant levels led to an additional 20 (13–25) daily premature mortality in Delhi, an increase of 56% compared to the average over October–November. Distinct seasonal and diurnal variations in PM2.5 were found in all cities. PM2.5 mass concentrations peak during the morning rush hour in all cities. This indicates local traffic could be an important source of PM2.5, the control of which would be essential to improve air quality. We report an interesting seasonal variation in the diurnal pattern of PM2.5 concentrations, which suggests a 1–2 h shift in the morning rush hour from 8 a.m. in pre-monsoon/summer to 9–10 a.m. in winter. The difference between PM2.5 concentrations on weekdays and weekend, namely weekend effect, is negligible in Delhi and Hyderabad, but noticeable in Mumbai and Chennai where ~10% higher PM2.5 concentrations were observed in morning rush hour on weekdays. These local characteristics provide essential information for air quality modelling studies and are critical for tailoring the design of effective mitigation strategies for each city. © 2019 The Authors
英文关键词	Diwali festival effect; Health effect; Long-term; PM2.5; Short-term; Weekend effect
学科领域	Air quality; Air quality standards; Health; Health risks; Particles (particulate matter); Risk assessment; Diwali festival effect; Health effects; Long-term; PM2.5; Short term; Weekend effects; Quality control; air quality; concentration (composition); health impact; megacity; mortality; particulate matter; pollution effect; pollution exposure; seasonal variation; urban area; air quality; ambient air; article; circadian rhythm; city; controlled study; health hazard; particulate matter; pollutant; premature mortality; quantitative analysis; seasonal variation; summer; winter; India
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Air quality; Air quality standards; Health; Health risks; Particles (particulate matter); Risk assessment; Diwali festival effect; Health effects; Long-term; PM2.5; Short term; Weekend effects; Quality control; air quality; concentration (composition); health impact; megacity; mortality; particulate matter; pollution effect; pollution exposure; seasonal variation; urban area; air quality; ambient air; article; circadian rhythm; city; controlled study; health hazard; particulate matter; pollutant; premature mortality; quantitative analysis; seasonal variation; summer; winter; India
来源期刊	Atmospheric Environment: X
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/120905
作者单位	Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chen Y.,Wild O.,Conibear L.,et al. Local characteristics of and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in four indian megacities[J],2020,5.
APA	Chen Y..,Wild O..,Conibear L..,Ran L..,He J..,...&Wang Y..(2020).Local characteristics of and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in four indian megacities.Atmospheric Environment: X,5.
MLA	Chen Y.,et al."Local characteristics of and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in four indian megacities".Atmospheric Environment: X 5(2020).