气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than −8 °C

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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104719
	High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than −8 °C
	Yang J.; Wang Z.; Heymsfield A.J.; DeMott P.J.; Twohy C.H.; Suski K.J.; Toohey D.W.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0169-8095
卷号	233
英文摘要	In this study, airborne in situ measurements of ice concentrations in mixed-phase clouds over the tropical ocean sampled during the Ice in Clouds Experiment (ICE-T) project are analyzed. High concentrations of ice larger than 250 μm in diameter (0.05–10 L−1) were observed in three shallow stratiform clouds whose top temperatures were warmer than −8 °C. The observed ice particles were mostly needles and columns, which are preferred ice crystal shapes between −3 °C and − 8 °C. Drizzle size drops (>100 μm in diameter) were also observed. Biological particles are a potential source of ice nucleating particles (INPs), however, any direct connection to the high ice concentrations observed in the stratiform clouds at temperatures warmer than −8 °C could not be shown, because the observed INP concentrations were 3 orders of magnitude lower than the ice concentrations. Simulations using a parcel model suggest that secondary ice mechanisms, such as the Hallett-Mossop process and fragmentation of freezing drops, which were often assumed previously to be the explanation for observed high ice concentration, cannot fully explain the observed high ice concentration in these shallow stratiform clouds either. The Hallett-Mossop process and fragmentation of freezing drops are important to the strong ice production only in clouds with relatively high concentration of large drops and rimed graupel observed, such as convective clouds. Therefore, other potential ice generation mechanisms, such as droplet collisional freezing and pre-activated INPs, which are still poorly understood, could play significant roles in tropical stratiform and convective mixed-phase clouds. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Aircraft observation; High ice concentration; Parcel model simulation; Stratiform cloud; Warm temperature
学科领域	Drop formation; Freezing; Tropics; Aircraft observations; Ice concentration; Model simulation; Stratiform clouds; Warm temperatures; Ice; air temperature; airborne survey; cloud microphysics; concentration (composition); convective cloud; ice; ice crystal; in situ measurement; marine atmosphere; stratiform cloud; tropical region
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Drop formation; Freezing; Tropics; Aircraft observations; Ice concentration; Model simulation; Stratiform clouds; Warm temperatures; Ice; air temperature; airborne survey; cloud microphysics; concentration (composition); convective cloud; ice; ice crystal; in situ measurement; marine atmosphere; stratiform cloud; tropical region
来源期刊	Atmospheric Research
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/120550
作者单位	Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Cloud and Fog Physical Environment of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, WA, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yang J.,Wang Z.,Heymsfield A.J.,等. High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than −8 °C[J],2020,233.
APA	Yang J..,Wang Z..,Heymsfield A.J..,DeMott P.J..,Twohy C.H..,...&Toohey D.W..(2020).High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than −8 °C.Atmospheric Research,233.
MLA	Yang J.,et al."High ice concentration observed in tropical maritime stratiform mixed-phase clouds with top temperatures warmer than −8 °C".Atmospheric Research 233(2020).