气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Geochemistry of PM2.5 aerosols at an urban site, Varanasi, in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain during pre-monsoon season

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104734
	Geochemistry of PM2.5 aerosols at an urban site, Varanasi, in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain during pre-monsoon season
	Mehra M.; Zirzow F.; Ram K.; Norra S.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0169-8095
卷号	234
英文摘要	The knowledge of actual morphological features and composition of aerosols are very important to understand atmospheric chemistry, mixing state and radiative forcing on a global scale. Daily and weekly PM2.5 samples were collected during pre-monsoon season (March–May 2015) from an urban site, Varanasi, located in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain to study geochemical and morphological features of aerosols. PM2.5 samples were analyzed for their elemental concentration by means of an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) whereas particle morphology and composition were ascertained by means of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. PM2.5 concentrations ranged between 22.2 and 70.5 μgm–3 in daily samples, whereas it varied between 52.0 and 106.2 μgm–3 in weekly samples. PM2.5 concentrations, except in one daily sample, were found to be higher than the 24-h threshold limit of World Health Organization (WHO) standards (25 μgm–3). Elemental concentration of Pb and Zn were as high as ~2000 ppm and 3700 ppm, respectively highlighting impact of heavy metal pollution in Varanasi. The mass concentration of Al was the highest amongst all the measured elements followed by K, Fe, Zn, Ti, Pb, Mn, As, Cd. Enrichment Factors (EF) < 5 were observed for Fe, Ti and Mn pointing towards their crustal origin. However, an elevated Fe/Al ratio, with a mean value of 0.82, suggests an enrichment of Fe due to anthropogenic emissions. In contrast, EF values were > 5 for K, Zn, As, Pb and Cd suggesting anthropogenic sources as a major contributor to these elements at the study site. The cluster analysis suggests that biomass burning emissions and air mass traversing through northern and western parts of India majorly contributed to high PM2.5 concentration at Varanasi. In contrast, wind patterns did show lower velocities and different directions (from NW India to Eastern parts of India) during the days with relatively lower PM2.5 concentrations. Morphological features of individual particles reveal an irregular, aggregated and flaky morphology whereas the elemental composition revealed the dominance of aluminosilicates, soot and tarball with inclusion of anthropogenic elements (e.g. Pb) at Varanasi. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
英文关键词	Geochemistry; ICP-MS; Indo-Gangetic Plain; PM2.5 aerosols; SEM-EDX; Urban air pollution
学科领域	Aerosols; Air quality; Atmospheric chemistry; Atmospheric radiation; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Cluster analysis; Geochemistry; Heavy metals; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometers; Morphology; Particulate emissions; Scanning electron microscopy; Biomass burning emissions; Elemental concentrations; ICP-MS; Indo-Gangetic Plains; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometries (ICPMS); SEM-EDX; Urban air pollution; World Health Organization; Urban growth; aerosol composition; aerosol formation; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric pollution; inductively coupled plasma method; mass spectrometry; monsoon; particulate matter; urban atmosphere; India; Uttar Pradesh; Varanasi
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Aerosols; Air quality; Atmospheric chemistry; Atmospheric radiation; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Cluster analysis; Geochemistry; Heavy metals; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometers; Morphology; Particulate emissions; Scanning electron microscopy; Biomass burning emissions; Elemental concentrations; ICP-MS; Indo-Gangetic Plains; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometries (ICPMS); SEM-EDX; Urban air pollution; World Health Organization; Urban growth; aerosol composition; aerosol formation; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric pollution; inductively coupled plasma method; mass spectrometry; monsoon; particulate matter; urban atmosphere; India; Uttar Pradesh; Varanasi
来源期刊	Atmospheric Research
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/120519
作者单位	Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India; Institute of Applied Geosciences, Working Group of Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mehra M.,Zirzow F.,Ram K.,et al. Geochemistry of PM2.5 aerosols at an urban site, Varanasi, in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain during pre-monsoon season[J],2020,234.
APA	Mehra M.,Zirzow F.,Ram K.,&Norra S..(2020).Geochemistry of PM2.5 aerosols at an urban site, Varanasi, in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain during pre-monsoon season.Atmospheric Research,234.
MLA	Mehra M.,et al."Geochemistry of PM2.5 aerosols at an urban site, Varanasi, in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain during pre-monsoon season".Atmospheric Research 234(2020).