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DOI	10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104769
	Lightning flash density in Europe based on 10 years of ATDnet data
	Enno S.-E.; Sugier J.; Alber R.; Seltzer M.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0169-8095
卷号	235
英文摘要	The first decadal lightning flash climatology for Europe is presented using ATDnet long-range lightning detection network operated by the Met Office. More than 148 million lightning flashes were detected by ATDnet in the study area between 2008 and 2017. The dataset contains up to 90% of cloud-to-ground flashes and 25% of cloud flashes in Europe during the study period. All maps were computed with a spatial resolution of 0.2°. The annual flash density was between 0.5 and 3.0 flashes per km−2 y−1 in most of Europe with a maximum of 7.8 flashes km−2 y−1 in the northeast of Italy. Most of continental Europe experienced 20–40 thunderstorm days annually but a small area on the border of Armenia and Turkey experienced up to 87.6 thunderstorm days. This number exceeds previous estimates of European maximum thunderstorm frequency. The North Atlantic Ocean had only up to 10 thunderstorm days and 0.1 flash km−2 y−1. Flash density per thunderstorm day varied from <0.01 fl km−2 over the Atlantic Ocean to >0.1 fl km−2 in the northeast of Italy. Occasional intense storms were found to happen even in areas without regular thunderstorm activity, including the oceans to the north of the Arctic Circle. Most of the study area had a mid-latitude specific summer peak in lightning activity whereas the Mediterranean experienced an autumn maximum. From March to August, most of the lightning in Europe occurred over land whereas from September to February it was concentrated over the Mediterranean. The highest lightning frequency over land was observed during the afternoon hours and the lowest frequency at night. At sea the diurnal distribution of lightning peaked either at night or in the morning hours. © 2019
英文关键词	ATDnet; Europe; Flash density; Lightning climatology
学科领域	Climatology; Lightning protection; Oceanography; ATDnet; Cloud-to-ground flash; Diurnal distributions; Europe; Flash density; Lightning flash density; North Atlantic Ocean; Thunderstorm activity; Thunderstorms; climatology; cloud to ground lightning; spatial resolution; thunderstorm; Armenia [West Asia]; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Europe; Turkey
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Climatology; Lightning protection; Oceanography; ATDnet; Cloud-to-ground flash; Diurnal distributions; Europe; Flash density; Lightning flash density; North Atlantic Ocean; Thunderstorm activity; Thunderstorms; climatology; cloud to ground lightning; spatial resolution; thunderstorm; Armenia [West Asia]; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Europe; Turkey
来源期刊	Atmospheric Research
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/120504
作者单位	Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Enno S.-E.,Sugier J.,Alber R.,et al. Lightning flash density in Europe based on 10 years of ATDnet data[J],2020,235.
APA	Enno S.-E.,Sugier J.,Alber R.,&Seltzer M..(2020).Lightning flash density in Europe based on 10 years of ATDnet data.Atmospheric Research,235.
MLA	Enno S.-E.,et al."Lightning flash density in Europe based on 10 years of ATDnet data".Atmospheric Research 235(2020).