气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The effects of additional black carbon on the albedo of Arctic sea ice: Variation with sea ice type and snow cover

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DOI	10.5194/tc-7-1193-2013
	The effects of additional black carbon on the albedo of Arctic sea ice: Variation with sea ice type and snow cover
	Marks A.A.; King M.D.
发表日期	2013
ISSN	19940416
卷号	7 期号:4
英文摘要	The response of the albedo of bare sea ice and snow-covered sea ice to the addition of black carbon is calculated. Visible light absorption and light-scattering cross-sections are derived for a typical first-year and multi-year sea ice with both "dry" and "wet" snow types. The cross-sections are derived using data from a 1970s field study that recorded both reflectivity and light penetration in Arctic sea ice and snow overlying sea ice. The variation of absorption cross-section over the visible wavelengths suggests black carbon is the dominating light-absorbing impurity. The response of first-year and multi-year sea ice albedo to increasing black carbon, from 1 to 1024 ng g-1, in a top 5 cm layer of a 155 cm-thick sea ice was calculated using a radiative-transfer model. The albedo of the first-year sea ice is more sensitive to additional loadings of black carbon than the multi-year sea ice. An addition of 8 ng g-1 of black carbon causes a decrease to 98.7% of the original albedo for first-year sea ice compared to a decrease to 99.7% for the albedo of multi-year sea ice, at a wavelength of 500 nm. The albedo of sea ice is surprisingly unresponsive to additional black carbon up to 100 ng g-1 . Snow layers on sea ice may mitigate the effects of black carbon in sea ice. Wet and dry snow layers of 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 cm depth were added onto the sea ice surface. The albedo of the snow surface was calculated whilst the black carbon in the underlying sea ice was increased. A layer of snow 0.5 cm thick greatly diminishes the effect of black carbon in sea ice on the surface albedo. The albedo of a 2-5 cm snow layer (less than the e-folding depth of snow) is still influenced by the underlying sea ice, but the effect of additional black carbon in the sea ice is masked. © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
学科领域	absorption; albedo; black carbon; light scattering; radiative transfer; sea ice; snow cover; visible spectrum; wavelength; Arctic Ocean
语种	英语
scopus关键词	absorption; albedo; black carbon; light scattering; radiative transfer; sea ice; snow cover; visible spectrum; wavelength; Arctic Ocean
来源期刊	Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/120279
作者单位	Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Marks A.A.,King M.D.. The effects of additional black carbon on the albedo of Arctic sea ice: Variation with sea ice type and snow cover[J],2013,7(4).
APA	Marks A.A.,&King M.D..(2013).The effects of additional black carbon on the albedo of Arctic sea ice: Variation with sea ice type and snow cover.Cryosphere,7(4).
MLA	Marks A.A.,et al."The effects of additional black carbon on the albedo of Arctic sea ice: Variation with sea ice type and snow cover".Cryosphere 7.4(2013).