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DOI	10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014
	Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores
	Gfeller G.; Fischer H.; Bigler M.; Schüpbach S.; Leuenberger D.; Mini O.
发表日期	2014
ISSN	19940416
卷号	8 期号:5
英文摘要	The seasonal and annual representativeness of ionic aerosol proxies (among others, calcium, sodium, ammonium and nitrate) in various firn cores in the vicinity of the NEEM drill site in northwest Greenland have been assessed. Seasonal representativeness is very high as one core explains more than 60% of the variability within the area. The inter-annual representativeness, however, can be substantially lower (depending on the species) making replicate coring indispensable to derive the atmospheric variability of aerosol species. A single core at the NEEM site records only 30% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in some species, while five replicate cores are already needed to cover approximately 70% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in all species. The spatial representativeness is very high within 60 cm, rapidly decorrelates within 10 m but does not diminish further within 3 km. We attribute this to wind reworking of the snow pack leading to sastrugi formation. Due to the high resolution and seasonal representativeness of the records we can derive accurate seasonalities of the measured species for modern (AD 1990-2010) times as well as for pre-industrial (AD 1623-1750) times. Sodium and calcium show similar seasonality (peaking in February and March respectively) for modern and pre-industrial times, whereas ammonium and nitrate are influenced by anthropogenic activities. Nitrate and ammonium both peak in May during modern times, whereas during pre-industrial times ammonium peaked during July-August and nitrate during June-July. © 2014 Author(s).
学科领域	aerosol; annual variation; human activity; inorganic compound; resolution; seasonality; snowpack; spatial analysis; Arctic; Greenland
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aerosol; annual variation; human activity; inorganic compound; resolution; seasonality; snowpack; spatial analysis; Arctic; Greenland
来源期刊	Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/120045
作者单位	University of Bern, Physics Institute, Climate and Environmental Physics, Sidlerstrasse 5, Bern, 3012, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Zähringerstrasse 25, Bern, 3012, Switzerland; Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Gfeller G.,Fischer H.,Bigler M.,et al. Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores[J],2014,8(5).
APA	Gfeller G.,Fischer H.,Bigler M.,Schüpbach S.,Leuenberger D.,&Mini O..(2014).Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores.Cryosphere,8(5).
MLA	Gfeller G.,et al."Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores".Cryosphere 8.5(2014).