气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Ablation from calving and surface melt at lake-terminating Bridge Glacier, British Columbia, 1984-2013

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DOI	10.5194/tc-10-87-2016
	Ablation from calving and surface melt at lake-terminating Bridge Glacier, British Columbia, 1984-2013
	Chernos M.; Koppes M.; Moore R.D.
发表日期	2016
ISSN	19940416
卷号	10 期号:1
英文摘要	Bridge Glacier is a lake-calving glacier in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia and has retreated over 3.55 km since 1972. The majority of this retreat has occurred since 1991. This retreat is substantially greater than what has been inferred from regional climate indices, suggesting that it has been driven primarily by calving as the glacier retreated across an overdeepened basin. In order to better understand the primary drivers of ablation, surface melt (below the equilibrium line altitude, ELA) and calving were quantified during the 2013 melt season using a distributed energy balance model (DEBM) and time-lapse imagery. Calving, estimated using areal change, velocity measurements, and assuming flotation were responsible for 23 % of the glacier's ablation below the ELA during the 2013 melt season and were limited by modest flow speeds and a small terminus cross-section. Calving and surface melt estimates from 1984 to 2013 suggest that calving was consistently a smaller contributor of ablation. Although calving was estimated to be responsible for up to 49 % of the glacier's ablation for individual seasons, averaged over multiple summers it accounted between 10 and 25 %. Calving was enhanced primarily by buoyancy and water depths, and fluxes were greatest between 2005 and 2010 as the glacier retreated over the deepest part of Bridge Lake. The recent rapid rate of calving is part of a transient stage in the glacier's retreat and is expected to diminish within 10 years as the terminus recedes into shallower water at the proximal end of the lake. These findings are in line with observations from other lake-calving glacier studies across the globe and suggest a common large-scale pattern in calving-induced retreat in lake-terminating alpine glaciers. Despite enhancing glacial retreat, calving remains a relatively small component of ablation and is expected to decrease in importance in the future. Hence, surface melt remains the primary driver of ablation at Bridge Glacier and thus projections of future retreat should be more closely tied to climate. © 2016 Author(s).
学科领域	ablation; energy balance; equilibrium line; glacier mass balance; glacier retreat; iceberg calving; melt; regional climate; spatiotemporal analysis; valley glacier; Bridge River; British Columbia; Canada; Coast Mountains
语种	英语
scopus关键词	ablation; energy balance; equilibrium line; glacier mass balance; glacier retreat; iceberg calving; melt; regional climate; spatiotemporal analysis; valley glacier; Bridge River; British Columbia; Canada; Coast Mountains
来源期刊	Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/119719
作者单位	Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; Department of Forest Resources Management, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chernos M.,Koppes M.,Moore R.D.. Ablation from calving and surface melt at lake-terminating Bridge Glacier, British Columbia, 1984-2013[J],2016,10(1).
APA	Chernos M.,Koppes M.,&Moore R.D..(2016).Ablation from calving and surface melt at lake-terminating Bridge Glacier, British Columbia, 1984-2013.Cryosphere,10(1).
MLA	Chernos M.,et al."Ablation from calving and surface melt at lake-terminating Bridge Glacier, British Columbia, 1984-2013".Cryosphere 10.1(2016).