气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Diagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957-2014

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DOI	10.5194/tc-11-191-2017
	Diagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957-2014
	Østby T.I.; Vikhamar Schuler T.; Ove Hagen J.; Hock R.; Kohler J.; Reijmer C.H.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	19940416
卷号	11 期号:1
英文摘要	Estimating the long-term mass balance of the high-Arctic Svalbard archipelago is difficult due to the incomplete geodetic and direct glaciological measurements, both in space and time. To close these gaps, we use a coupled surface energy balance and snow pack model to analyse the mass changes of all Svalbard glaciers for the period 1957-2014. The model is forced by ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalysis data, downscaled to 1km resolution. The model is validated using snow/firn temperature and density measurements, mass balance from stakes and ice cores, meteorological measurements, snow depths from radar profiles and remotely sensed surface albedo and skin temperatures. Overall model performance is good, but it varies regionally. Over the entire period the model yields a climatic mass balance of 8.2cm w. e. yr-1, which corresponds to a mass input of 175Gt. Climatic mass balance has a linear trend of -1.4 ± 0.4cm w. e. yr-2 with a shift from a positive to a negative regime around 1980. Modelled mass balance exhibits large interannual variability, which is controlled by summer temperatures and further amplified by the albedo feedback. For the recent period 2004-2013 climatic mass balance was -21cm w. e. yr-1, and accounting for frontal ablation estimated by BÅ aszczyk et al.(2009) yields a total Svalbard mass balance of -39cm w. e. yr-1 for this 10-year period. In terms of eustatic sea level, this corresponds to a rise of 0.037mm yr-1. Refreezing of water in snow and firn is substantial at 22cm w. e. yr-1 or 26% of total annual accumulation. However, as warming leads to reduced firn area over the period, refreezing decreases both absolutely and relative to the total accumulation. Negative mass balance and elevated equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) resulted in massive reduction of the thick (> 2m) firn extent and an increase in the superimposed ice, thin (< 2m) firn and bare ice extents. Atmospheric warming also leads to a marked change in the thermal regime, with cooling of the glacier mid-elevation and warming in the ablation zone and upper firn areas. On the long-term, by removing the thermal barrier, this warming has implications for the vertical transfer of surface meltwater through the glacier and down to the base, influencing basal hydrology, sliding and thereby overall glacier motion. © Author(s) 2017.
学科领域	albedo; archipelago; energy balance; equilibrium line; eustacy; glacier; glacier mass balance; hydrology; ice core; meltwater; model validation; radar; remote sensing; snowpack; spatiotemporal analysis; surface energy; thermal regime; Arctic; Svalbard; Svalbard and Jan Mayen
语种	英语
scopus关键词	albedo; archipelago; energy balance; equilibrium line; eustacy; glacier; glacier mass balance; hydrology; ice core; meltwater; model validation; radar; remote sensing; snowpack; spatiotemporal analysis; surface energy; thermal regime; Arctic; Svalbard; Svalbard and Jan Mayen
来源期刊	Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/119456
作者单位	Institute of Geoscience, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway; Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320, United States; Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, PO Box 6606, Langnes, Tromsø, 9296, Norway; Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht, 3584 CC, Netherlands
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Østby T.I.,Vikhamar Schuler T.,Ove Hagen J.,et al. Diagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957-2014[J],2017,11(1).
APA	Østby T.I.,Vikhamar Schuler T.,Ove Hagen J.,Hock R.,Kohler J.,&Reijmer C.H..(2017).Diagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957-2014.Cryosphere,11(1).
MLA	Østby T.I.,et al."Diagnosing the decline in climatic mass balance of glaciers in Svalbard over 1957-2014".Cryosphere 11.1(2017).