气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Determination of snowmaking efficiency on a ski slope from observations and modelling of snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation

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DOI	10.5194/tc-11-891-2017
	Determination of snowmaking efficiency on a ski slope from observations and modelling of snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation
	Spandre P.; François H.; Thibert E.; Morin S.; George-Marcelpoil E.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	19940416
卷号	11 期号:2
英文摘要	The production of Machine Made (MM) snow is now generalized in ski resorts and represents the most common method of adaptation for mitigating the impact of a lack of snow on skiing. Most investigations of correlations between snow conditions and the ski industry's economy focus on the production of MM snow though not one of these has taken into account the efficiency of the snowmaking process. The present study consists of observations of snow conditions (depth and mass) using a Differential GPS method and snow density coring, following snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation in Les Deux Alpes ski resort (French Alps). A detailed physically based snowpack model accounting for grooming and snowmaking was used to compute the seasonal evolution of the snowpack and compared to the observations. Our results show that approximately 30% of the water mass can be recovered as MM snow within 10m from the center of a MM snow pile after production and 50% within 20m. Observations and simulations on the ski slope were relatively consistent with 60% (±10%) of the water mass used for snowmaking within the limits of the ski slope. Losses due to thermodynamic effects were estimated in the current case example to be less than 10% of the total water mass. These results suggest that even in ideal conditions for production a significant fraction of the water used for snowmaking can not be found as MM snow within the limits of the ski slope with most of the missing fraction of water. This is due to site dependent characteristics (e.g. meteorological conditions, topography). © 2017 Author(s).
学科领域	adaptive management; GPS; industrial technology; machinery; recreational activity; recreational facility; recreational management; seasonality; slope; snow accumulation; snowpack; Alps; France
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adaptive management; GPS; industrial technology; machinery; recreational activity; recreational facility; recreational management; seasonality; slope; snow accumulation; snowpack; Alps; France
来源期刊	Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/119416
作者单位	Université Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, France; Météo-France-CNRS, CNRM UMR 3589, Centre d'Etudes de la Neige, Grenoble, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Spandre P.,François H.,Thibert E.,et al. Determination of snowmaking efficiency on a ski slope from observations and modelling of snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation[J],2017,11(2).
APA	Spandre P.,François H.,Thibert E.,Morin S.,&George-Marcelpoil E..(2017).Determination of snowmaking efficiency on a ski slope from observations and modelling of snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation.Cryosphere,11(2).
MLA	Spandre P.,et al."Determination of snowmaking efficiency on a ski slope from observations and modelling of snowmaking events and seasonal snow accumulation".Cryosphere 11.2(2017).