气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Impacts of a lengthening open water season on Alaskan coastal communities: Deriving locally relevant indices from large-scale datasets and community observations

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/tc-12-1779-2018
	Impacts of a lengthening open water season on Alaskan coastal communities: Deriving locally relevant indices from large-scale datasets and community observations
	Rolph R.J.; Mahoney A.R.; Walsh J.; Loring P.A.
发表日期	2018
ISSN	19940416
卷号	12 期号:5
英文摘要	Using thresholds of physical climate variables developed from community observations, together with two large-scale datasets, we have produced local indices directly relevant to the impacts of a reduced sea ice cover on Alaska coastal communities. The indices include the number of false freeze-ups defined by transient exceedances of ice concentration prior to a corresponding exceedance that persists, false break-ups, timing of freeze-up and break-up, length of the open water duration, number of days when the winds preclude hunting via boat (wind speed threshold exceedances), the number of wind events conducive to geomorphological work or damage to infrastructure from ocean waves, and the number of these wind events with on-and along-shore components promoting water setup along the coastline. We demonstrate how community observations can inform use of large-scale datasets to derive these locally relevant indices. The two primary large-scale datasets are the Historical Sea Ice Atlas for Alaska and the atmospheric output from a regional climate model used to downscale the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis. We illustrate the variability and trends of these indices by application to the rural Alaska communities of Kotzebue, Shishmaref, and Utqiavik (previously Barrow), although the same procedure and metrics can be applied to other coastal communities. Over the 1979-2014 time period, there has been a marked increase in the number of combined false freeze-ups and false break-ups as well as the number of days too windy for hunting via boat for all three communities, especially Utqiavik. At Utqiavik, there has been an approximate tripling of the number of wind events conducive to coastline erosion from 1979 to 2014. We have also found a delay in freeze-up and earlier break-up, leading to a lengthened open water period for all of the communities examined. © 2018 Author(s).
学科领域	climate modeling; coastal zone; data set; ice breakup; ice cover; observational method; ocean wave; open water; regional climate; rural population; sea ice; wind erosion; Alaska; Alaska; Kotzebue; United States
语种	英语
scopus关键词	climate modeling; coastal zone; data set; ice breakup; ice cover; observational method; ocean wave; open water; regional climate; rural population; sea ice; wind erosion; Alaska; Alaska; Kotzebue; United States
来源期刊	Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/119143
作者单位	Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 757320, Fairbanks, AR 99775-0001, United States; International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, AL, United States; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Rolph R.J.,Mahoney A.R.,Walsh J.,et al. Impacts of a lengthening open water season on Alaskan coastal communities: Deriving locally relevant indices from large-scale datasets and community observations[J],2018,12(5).
APA	Rolph R.J.,Mahoney A.R.,Walsh J.,&Loring P.A..(2018).Impacts of a lengthening open water season on Alaskan coastal communities: Deriving locally relevant indices from large-scale datasets and community observations.Cryosphere,12(5).
MLA	Rolph R.J.,et al."Impacts of a lengthening open water season on Alaskan coastal communities: Deriving locally relevant indices from large-scale datasets and community observations".Cryosphere 12.5(2018).