气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps

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DOI	10.5194/tc-13-3225-2019
	Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps
	Bühler Y.; Hafner E.D.; Zweifel B.; Zesiger M.; Heisig H.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	19940416
EISSN	13
起始页码	3225
结束页码	3238
卷号	13 期号:12
英文摘要	Accurate and timely information on avalanche occurrence is key for avalanche warning, crisis management and avalanche documentation. Today such information is mainly available at isolated locations provided by observers in the field. The achieved reliability, considering accuracy, completeness and reliability of the reported avalanche events, is limited. In this study we present the spatially continuous mapping of a large avalanche period in January 2018 covering the majority of the Swiss Alps (12 500 km2). We tested different satellite sensors available for rapid mapping during the first avalanche period. Based on these experiences, we tasked SPOT6 and SPOT7 for data acquisition to cover the second, much larger avalanche period. We manually mapped the outlines of 18 737 individual avalanche events, applying image enhancement techniques to analyze regions in the shade as well as in brightly illuminated ones. The resulting dataset of mapped avalanche outlines, having unique completeness and reliability, is evaluated to produce maps of avalanche occurrence and avalanche size. We validated the mapping of the avalanche outlines using photographs acquired from helicopters just after the avalanche period. This study demonstrates the applicability of optical, very high spatial resolution satellite data to map an exceptional avalanche period with very high completeness, accuracy and reliability over a large region. The generated avalanche data are of great value in validating avalanche bulletins, in completing existing avalanche databases and for research applications by enabling meaningful statistics on important avalanche parameters. © 2019 Author(s).
学科领域	avalanche; crisis management; data acquisition; satellite data; satellite sensor; spatial resolution; SPOT; Alps; Switzerland
语种	英语
scopus关键词	avalanche; crisis management; data acquisition; satellite data; satellite sensor; spatial resolution; SPOT; Alps; Switzerland
来源期刊	The Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118798
作者单位	WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf, 7260, Switzerland; Federal Office of Topography Swisstopo, Wabern3084, Switzerland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bühler Y.,Hafner E.D.,Zweifel B.,et al. Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps[J],2019,13(12).
APA	Bühler Y.,Hafner E.D.,Zweifel B.,Zesiger M.,&Heisig H..(2019).Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps.The Cryosphere,13(12).
MLA	Bühler Y.,et al."Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps".The Cryosphere 13.12(2019).