气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Optimization of over-summer snow storage at midlatitudes and low elevation

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/tc-13-3367-2019
	Optimization of over-summer snow storage at midlatitudes and low elevation
	Weiss H.S.; Bierman P.R.; Dubief Y.; Hamshaw S.D.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	19940416
EISSN	13
起始页码	3367
结束页码	3382
卷号	13 期号:12
英文摘要	Climate change, including warmer winter temperatures, a shortened snowfall season, and more rain-on-snow events, threatens nordic skiing as a sport. In response, oversummer snow storage, attempted primarily using woodchips as a cover material, has been successfully employed as a climate change adaptation strategy by high-elevation and/or high-latitude ski centers in Europe and Canada. Such storage has never been attempted at a site that is both low elevation and midlatitude, and few studies have quantified storage losses repeatedly through the summer. Such data, along with tests of different cover strategies, are prerequisites to optimizing snow storage strategies. Here, we assess the rate at which the volume of two woodchip-covered snow piles (each ∼ 200 m3), emplaced during spring 2018 in Craftsbury, Vermont (45° N and 360 m a.s.l.), changed. We used these data to develop an optimized snow storage strategy. In 2019, we tested that strategy on a much larger, 9300 m3 pile. In 2018, we continually logged air-to-snow temperature gradients under different cover layers including rigid foam, open-cell foam, and woodchips both with and without an underlying insulating blanket and an overlying reflective cover. We also measured ground temperatures to a meter depth adjacent to the snow piles and used a snow tube to measure snow density. During both years, we monitored volume change over the melt season using terrestrial laser scanning every 10- 14 d from spring to fall. In 2018, snow volume loss ranged from 0.29 to 2.81 m3 d-1, with the highest rates in midsummer and lowest rates in the fall; mean rates of volumetric change were 1.24 and 1.50 m3 d-1, 0.55 % to 0.72 % of initial pile volume per day. Snow density did increase over time, but most volume loss was the result of melting. Wet woodchips underlain by an insulating blanket and covered with a reflective sheet were the most effective cover combination for minimizing melt, likely because the aluminized surface reflected incoming short-wave radiation while the wet woodchips provided significant thermal mass, allowing much of the energy absorbed during the day to be lost by long-wave emission at night. The importance of the pile surface-area-tovolume ratio is demonstrated by 4-fold lower rates of volumetric change for the 9300 m3 pile emplaced in 2019; it lost < 0:16 % of its initial volume per day between April and October, retaining ∼ 60 % of the initial snow volume over summer. Together, these data demonstrate the feasibility of oversummer snow storage at midlatitudes and low elevations and suggest efficient cover strategies. © 2019 Author(s).
学科领域	adaptive management; air temperature; climate change; seasonality; snow accumulation; snow cover; snowmelt; volume change; Canada; Europe; United States; Vermont
语种	英语
scopus关键词	adaptive management; air temperature; climate change; seasonality; snow accumulation; snow cover; snowmelt; volume change; Canada; Europe; United States; Vermont
来源期刊	The Cryosphere
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118792
作者单位	Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Geology Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Weiss H.S.,Bierman P.R.,Dubief Y.,et al. Optimization of over-summer snow storage at midlatitudes and low elevation[J],2019,13(12).
APA	Weiss H.S.,Bierman P.R.,Dubief Y.,&Hamshaw S.D..(2019).Optimization of over-summer snow storage at midlatitudes and low elevation.The Cryosphere,13(12).
MLA	Weiss H.S.,et al."Optimization of over-summer snow storage at midlatitudes and low elevation".The Cryosphere 13.12(2019).