气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Bears benefit plants via a cascade with both antagonistic and mutualistic interactions

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DOI	10.1111/ele.12396
	Bears benefit plants via a cascade with both antagonistic and mutualistic interactions
	Grinath J.B.; Inouye B.D.; Underwood N.
发表日期	2015
ISSN	1461-023X
EISSN	1461-0248
卷号	18 期号:2
英文摘要	Predators can influence primary producers by generating cascades of effects in ecological webs. These effects are often non-intuitive, going undetected because they involve many links and different types of species interactions. Particularly, little is understood about how antagonistic (negative) and mutualistic (positive) interactions combine to create cascades. Here, we show that black bears can benefit plants by consuming ants. The ants are mutualists of herbivores and protect herbivores from other arthropod predators. We found that plants near bear-damaged ant nests had greater reproduction than those near undamaged nests, due to weaker ant protection for herbivores, which allowed herbivore suppression by arthropod predators. Our results highlight the need to integrate mutualisms into trophic cascade theory, which is based primarily on antagonistic relationships. Predators are often conservation targets, and our results suggest that bears and other predators should be managed with the understanding that they can influence primary producers through many paths. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.
英文关键词	Ursus americanus; Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus; Ecological network; Food web; Honeydew mutualisms; Indirect interactions; Trophic cascades
学科领域	Arthropoda; Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus; Cucumis melo var. inodorus; Formicidae; Ursus americanus; animal; ant; arthropod; bear; food chain; herbivory; physiology; population dynamics; predation; Animals; Ants; Arthropods; Food Chain; Herbivory; Population Dynamics; Predatory Behavior; Ursidae
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Arthropoda; Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus; Cucumis melo var. inodorus; Formicidae; Ursus americanus; animal; ant; arthropod; bear; food chain; herbivory; physiology; population dynamics; predation; Animals; Ants; Arthropods; Food Chain; Herbivory; Population Dynamics; Predatory Behavior; Ursidae
来源期刊	Ecology Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118698
作者单位	Biological Science Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, United States; Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 519, Crested Butte, CO 81224, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Grinath J.B.,Inouye B.D.,Underwood N.. Bears benefit plants via a cascade with both antagonistic and mutualistic interactions[J],2015,18(2).
APA	Grinath J.B.,Inouye B.D.,&Underwood N..(2015).Bears benefit plants via a cascade with both antagonistic and mutualistic interactions.Ecology Letters,18(2).
MLA	Grinath J.B.,et al."Bears benefit plants via a cascade with both antagonistic and mutualistic interactions".Ecology Letters 18.2(2015).