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DOI	10.1111/ele.12573
	Costs of fear: Behavioural and life-history responses to risk and their demographic consequences vary across species
	Lamanna J.A.; Martin T.E.
发表日期	2016
ISSN	1461-023X
EISSN	1461-0248
卷号	19 期号:4
英文摘要	Behavioural responses to reduce predation risk might cause demographic 'costs of fear'. Costs differ among species, but a conceptual framework to understand this variation is lacking. We use a life-history framework to tie together diverse traits and life stages to better understand interspecific variation in responses and costs. We used natural and experimental variation in predation risk to test phenotypic responses and associated demographic costs for 10 songbird species. Responses such as increased parental attentiveness yielded reduced development time and created benefits such as reduced predation probability. Yet, responses to increased risk also created demographic costs by reducing offspring production in the absence of direct predation. This cost of fear varied widely across species, but predictably with the probability of repeat breeding. Use of a life-history framework can aid our understanding of potential demographic costs from predation, both from responses to perceived risk and from direct predation mortality. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.
英文关键词	Anti-predator; Behaviour; Birds; Demographic cost; Dependent offspring; Development; Growth; Life history; Predation; Reproductive success
学科领域	Aves; Passeri; animal; animal behavior; biological model; cost benefit analysis; demography; fear; physiology; songbird; species difference; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Demography; Fear; Models, Biological; Songbirds; Species Specificity
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Aves; Passeri; animal; animal behavior; biological model; cost benefit analysis; demography; fear; physiology; songbird; species difference; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Demography; Fear; Models, Biological; Songbirds; Species Specificity
来源期刊	Ecology Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118561
作者单位	Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; US Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lamanna J.A.,Martin T.E.. Costs of fear: Behavioural and life-history responses to risk and their demographic consequences vary across species[J],2016,19(4).
APA	Lamanna J.A.,&Martin T.E..(2016).Costs of fear: Behavioural and life-history responses to risk and their demographic consequences vary across species.Ecology Letters,19(4).
MLA	Lamanna J.A.,et al."Costs of fear: Behavioural and life-history responses to risk and their demographic consequences vary across species".Ecology Letters 19.4(2016).