气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): A framework for how environment contributes to cancer risk

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DOI	10.1111/ele.12726
	A framework for how environment contributes to cancer risk
	Hochberg M.E.; Noble R.J.
发表日期	2017
ISSN	1461-023X
EISSN	1461-0248
卷号	20 期号:2
英文摘要	Evolutionary theory explains why metazoan species are largely protected against the negative fitness effects of cancers. Nevertheless, cancer is often observed at high incidence across a range of species. Although there are many challenges to quantifying cancer epidemiology and assessing its causes, we claim that most modern-day cancer in animals – and humans in particular – are due to environments deviating from central tendencies of distributions that have prevailed during cancer resistance evolution. Such novel environmental conditions may be natural and/or of anthropogenic origin, and may interface with cancer risk in numerous ways, broadly classifiable as those: increasing organism body size and/or life span, disrupting processes within the organism, and affecting germline. We argue that anthropogenic influences, in particular, explain much of the present-day cancer risk across life, including in humans. Based on a literature survey of animal species and a parameterised mathematical model for humans, we suggest that combined risks of all cancers in a population beyond c. 5% can be explained to some extent by the influence of novel environments. Our framework provides a basis for understanding how natural environmental variation and human activity impact cancer risk, with potential implications for species ecology. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS
英文关键词	Ageing; anthropogenic impact; body size; cancer risk; environment; epidemiology; evolutionary mismatch; global change; longevity; modern lifestyles; mutagens; pathogens
学科领域	aging population; anthropogenic effect; body size; cancer; environmental conditions; epidemiology; evolutionary theory; fitness; global change; human activity; longevity; metazoan; pathogen; Animalia; Metazoa; animal; environment; human; human activities; Neoplasms; risk factor; Animals; Environment; Human Activities; Humans; Neoplasms; Risk Factors
语种	英语
scopus关键词	aging population; anthropogenic effect; body size; cancer; environmental conditions; epidemiology; evolutionary theory; fitness; global change; human activity; longevity; metazoan; pathogen; Animalia; Metazoa; animal; environment; human; human activities; Neoplasms; risk factor; Animals; Environment; Human Activities; Humans; Neoplasms; Risk Factors
来源期刊	Ecology Letters
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/118434
作者单位	Intstitut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, CC065, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34095, France; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hochberg M.E.,Noble R.J.. A framework for how environment contributes to cancer risk[J],2017,20(2).
APA	Hochberg M.E.,&Noble R.J..(2017).A framework for how environment contributes to cancer risk.Ecology Letters,20(2).
MLA	Hochberg M.E.,et al."A framework for how environment contributes to cancer risk".Ecology Letters 20.2(2017).